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Ship Construction

Ship Construction. Framing Systems Double Bottom Construction Stem & Stern Construction. Many, closely-spaced Frames. Transverse Framing:. Deck Beams tie upper ends of frames Fewer, deeper & more widely spaced Longitudinals … Support Inner Bottom & give longitudinal strength.

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Ship Construction

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  1. Ship Construction Framing Systems Double Bottom Construction Stem & Stern Construction

  2. Many, closely-spaced Frames Transverse Framing: • Deck Beams tie upper ends of frames • Fewer, deeper & more widely spaced Longitudinals … • Support Inner Bottom & give longitudinal strength • Longitudinals supporting Decks are called (Deck)Girders • Additional Decks (supported by Beams & Girders) increase Transverse & Longitudinal strength • Transverse Bulkheads provide watertight boundaries, contribute significantly to transverse strength, and provide vertical support for Decks

  3. Many, closely-spaced Frames Transverse Framing: • Advantages • Open, nearly rectangular interior space • Ideal for stowing large, irregular, break-bulk items, or • Vehicles (Ro-Ro’s) • Disadvantages • Vertical support for decks requires more closely spaced transverse bulkheads (hence smaller compartments) or • Pillars (stanchions) or • Longitudinal bulkheads

  4. Longitudinal Framing: Deep (Web) Transverse Frames • Few & widely spaced • Smaller, closely-spaced Longitud-nalssupport shell plating • Side shell longitudinals call stringers • Inner Bottom gives additional longitudinal & transverse strength • Girders in high-stress areas: Double bottom spaces and … • Under main deck

  5. Longitudinal Framing: Deep (Web) Transverse Frames • Advantages • Widely spaced transverse bulkheads allow for large (i.e., long) continuous cargo spaces (“tanks”) • Ideal for stowing liquids (reduced free surface effects) • Disadvantages • No large, open interior spaces • Difficult to load or unload break-bulk items • Difficult to stow large, irregular shaped items

  6. Typical Transverse Frames C C L L Framing Systems: • Typically, most ships have some combination of transverse & longitudinal framing L L L L L L L L L L Bulkhead STIFFENERS T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T UPPER TWEEN DECK LOWER TWEEN DECK Stringer (LOWER) HOLD Web Frame SECTION VIEW FLOOR PLAN VIEW

  7. Double Bottom details: Margin Plate Inner Bottom (Tank Top) Rider Plate Air- hole Frame Bilge Bilge well Center Vertical Keel Longitudinal Limber hole “SOLID” FLOOR Keel Plate Outer Bottom Lightening hole “OPEN” FLOOR Reverse Frame Strut Longitudinal Frame

  8. Shell Plating details: (Longitudinal) Rows of plating are called “strakes” The Keel Plates form the “Keel strake” The strakes outboard (P&S) of the Keel are the “A” Strakes or “Garboard Strakes” Strakes are consecutively lettered moving outboard and up the side shell “G” Strake “F” Strake (Bilge Strake) “B” Strake “C” Strake “D” Strake “E” Strake Keel Strake Garboard Strake (“A” strake)

  9. “K” Strake Sheer Strake “J” Strake Through  “H” Strake drop  “G” Strake Bilge (“F”) Strake Shell Plating details: (Longitudinal) Rows of plating are called “strakes” Welded horizontal joints between strakes are called seams Welded vertical joints between plates in a given strake are called butts Strakes that do not run the entire ship length (as the hull surface area decreases at the ends) are drop strakes Strakes running stem to stern are called through strakes An oversized plate merging a drop & through strake is a stealer plate The strake at the deck edge is the sheer strake and is heavier than typical side shell plating

  10. Openings in shell plating must:*have rounded corners *be reinforced to make up for missing material … and on weather deck -- COAMINGS portholes Hatch openings below decks Watertight doors

  11. Stem Construction Forward Collision Bulkhead Wrapper Plate Stem Wrapper Plate Stem Decks Stringers Vertical Stem Post Rider Plate Breast Hooks C.V. Keel Deep Floors Keel Plate

  12. Steering Gear Room Rope Locker After Peak Tank Stern Construction After Collision Bulkhead Stern Frame Stern Frame Deck Mach’y Rm Cant Frames Lug Rudder Stock Stern Tube Pintle Gudgeon Rudder Post UNBALANCED RUDDER Propeller Post SEMI-BALANCED RUDDER

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