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Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America

Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America. Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Project Objectives.

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Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America

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  1. Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America • Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging • Matt Edwards – San Diego State University • Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc • Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography

  2. Project Objectives • Cost-effective method of mapping and visualizingkelp canopies on a global basis • Link kelp distributions with physical factors such as temperature, nitrogen concentrations, wave climate, daylength & solar irradiance • Discriminate localized anthropogenic changes in kelp bed distributions from climate related effects

  3. Year 2000 ETM+ Coverage

  4. Data Availability ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/

  5. Original ETM+ Imageryhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.pl

  6. Visualization in Google Earth

  7. San Juan Station

  8. San Juan Station - Aerial

  9. Macrocystis integrifolia

  10. Macrocystis pyrifera

  11. Macrocystis pyrifera Macrocystis integrifolia Eisenia arborea Color IR Photo - 39 ha ETM+ - 49 ha

  12. Kodiak Macrocystis Population

  13. Winter 2002 - February

  14. Summer/Fall 2002 - September

  15. Summer/Fall 2002 - September

  16. Winter 2002 - February

  17. Kodiak Island SST Anomalies

  18. Irradiance / Nutrient Relationship - Sitka (Stekoll, 1999)

  19. GES DISC DAAC NASA/GISS Solar IrradianceJune 1991 Kodiak – 182 W/m2Sitka – 255 W/m2

  20. Northern Hemisphere Southern Boundary • Baja California • Peru / Chile & Argentina • Namibia / South Africa • Australia – Tasmanian population declines • Subantarctic Islands • Kerguelen Island • Heard Island • South Georgia Island

  21. Baja Nitrogen Enrichment (Ladah, 2003)

  22. Nitrate - Temperature

  23. Macrocystis pyrifera Macrocystis integrifolia Eisenia cokeri = E. arborea ? Islas Desventuradas

  24. Eisenia galapagensis December 2004 Type - 1934

  25. Eisenia cokeri Sechura Bay – 5.5o S

  26. Summer 2002 March

  27. Winter 2002 July

  28. SST - South Georgia Island April 1998 October 1998

  29. Summer 2002 March

  30. South Georgia SST Anomalies

  31. Subantarctic Islands Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence with the exception of South Georgia Island

  32. SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & Heard April 1998 October 1998 Kerguelen Kerguelen Heard Heard

  33. Heard Island SST Anomalies

  34. Take Homes • Google Earth is an ideal visualization tool for broad scale biodiversity data • Northern range of Macrocystis in Alaska may be expanding • Range of Eisenia galapagensis in Galapagos has contracted • Northern range of Macrocystis in Peru has contracted • Heard Island may be a useful habitat to look for climate change in the Southern Ocean

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