Intermediate Reading Comprehension

1. Intermediate Reading Comprehension arifsuryo.unnes@gmail.com ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTSSTATE UNIVERSITY OF SEMARANG 2011-2012

3. Question to consider: • What is a text? • Where can you find a text? • Why do people create a text? • In what forms do a text exist? • How many texts in this universe? • Have you ever created a text? when?

4. Week 1: what is text? • Definition • Text: • words put together to communicate meaning • spoken or written forms created to communicate a message • Two main activities relating to text: • construction (writing and speaking) • interpretation (listening and reading) • Text production depends on: • purpose • context

5. Text types LITERARY TEXTS FACTUAL TEXTS advertisement announcement internet web sites current affair shows debates recipes report instruction • Aboriginal dreaming stories • Movie scripts • limericks • fairy tales • plays • novels • song lyrics • mimes • sop operas

6. Text types: THE MAIN LITERARY TEXTS • narrative (spoken or written – radio, TV, books, newspaper, etc) • poetry (express feeling and impression of life) • drama (spoken or written – facial expression, costumes, acting, etc) • Resulted: • Laugh or cry • Think deeply of life • Question: what literary texts make you cry or laugh?

7. Text types: THE MAIN FACTUAL TEXTS • recount • explanation • discussion • information report • exposition • procedure • response • Purpose: to present, show, tell, persuade, describe, explain, etc.

8. Basketball Match

9. Week 2: DESCRIPTION • Have you ever described a particular person/ an animal/ a thing? • Why people do such those things? • Have you ever read a written description? Where? What ? • What can you learn from a description text?

10. definition

11. WEEK 3-4: DISCUSSION Definition: • Speaking or writing about a topic and includes both sides (right and wrong, positive and negative, good and bad) • The purpose of a discussion is to present to the audience different opinions on a topic and, at the end, your opinion. Examples of Discussion texts: • Talkback radio • Current affairs interviews • Essays • Debates • Letters to the editors • Newpapers articles

12. Generic Structure • An introductory paragraph that has a statement or question about the topic • A series of paragraphs that give evidence, opinions or arguments for and againts the topic • A conclusion that give final point of a view, either for or againts the topic Language features • The use of generic terms related to the topic • The use of words that show a comparison or a contrast • The use of words that link arguments

13. WEEK 4-5: RECOUNT Definition: • Speaking or writing about past events • A piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they happened Examples of Recount texts: • Newspaper reports • Conversation • Speeches • Television interviews • Eyewitness account • Letters

14. Generic Structure • Orientation: background information about who, where and when • Events: a series of paragraphs that retell events in the order in which they happened • Re-orientation: a concluding paragrpah (optional) Language features • Specific participant to identify those involved in the text • Descriptive words to give details about who, what, when, where and how • The use of past tense • The use of sequences to elaborate the events

15. Eyewitness accounts • The purpose of which is to give details about the event in the order in which they occured Examples of events: • Car accident • Explosion • Fight • Robbery • Etc. Examples of audience: • police • Readers of newspapers • Viewers of TV news report • Etc.

16. Letters • The purpose of which is to retell events to the reader Examples of media: • E-mail • Fax

17. Conversations • A spoken text between two or more people • The purpose of which is to explain, describe, argue or recount events Example • Talking with family • Chatting with friends about things happened

18. Television interviews • The purpose of which is to explain, describe, argue or recount events Examples of media: • E-mail • Fax

19. NARRATIVE TEXTS • The purpose of which is to present a view of the world that entertains or informs the readers or listeners Examples of narrative texts: • Fantasy novels • Bedtime stories • Historical fiction • Stories • Etc.

20. Example – pp.8-11

21. Features of a narrative The Generic Structure • An orientattion: the narrator tell the audience about WHO, WHEN, WHERE • A complication: set off a chain of events that influences what will happen in the story • A sequence of events: tell where the characters react to the complication • A resolution: the characters finally sort out the complication • A coda: a comment or moral based on what has been learned from the story Language features: • Specific characters • Time words that connect events to tell when they occur • Verbs to show the actions that occur in the story • Descriptive words to portray the characters and settings • Etc.

22. The art of describing • What the characters look like (characters) • Where the action is taking place (the setting) • How things are happening (the action) Forms: • Adjevtive • Adverbs • Similes

23. Exercise: • Analyzing Junk Castle on page 15-16

24. Types of Narrative • Humour • Romance • Crime • Real-life fiction • Historical fiction • Mystery • Fantasy • Science fiction • Diary-novels • Adventure • Etc.

25. Examples – pp.19-36

27. WEEK 9-10: RESPONSE TEXTS • A response is a text that give a person’s response or reaction to another text ( a book, film, play, poem, etc) by providing a description of the work and a judgement) • Exercise: • Mention some kinds of texts in which you can give response to them based on your judgement!

28. Features of a response The Generic Structure • A paragraph that introduces the text being judged (title, author, time of text construction, summary of the work) • A description of the text (orientation, complication, sequence of event and resolution • A judgement of the text (opinion and recommendations) Language features: • The use of modality • The use of present tense • The use of descriptive words

29. Toy Story Toy Story is one of Disney’s popular films that uses amazing computer graphics to tell the story of a young boy, Andy, and his roomful of great toys that come to life. The plot centres on Andy’s toys, including Mr.Potato Head and his favourite, Woody, who have their lives disturbed with the arrival of Buzz Lightyear, a karate-choopping, flying spaceman. Tom Hanks provides the voice of Woody while Tim Allen is the voice of Buzz. Computer animation is by John Lasseter, known for his complex pixel animation techniques. The film is now avaliable on videos, is rated G, runs for 78 minutes and sells for $24.95. Toy Story is more than just amazing computer generated special effects. There is plenty of fn for both younger viewers and sdults. All the family will enjoy this one. opening paragraph that introduces the text being judged Descriptive words Words showing the response is written in the present tense Description of the text being judged, giving information about what happens, who is in it and other details Words showing judgement a judgement abou the text, which is the writer’s personal response

30. exploration • Look at examples on page 42-44

31. Language - function • The experiental function – the way we use language to represent our experience of the world • The interpersonal function – the way we use language to interact with others • The textual function – the way we use language to create well organised and cohexive texts, both spoken and written

32. WEEK 11-12: PROCEDURE TEXTS • A procedure tell how to make or do something by giving a sequence of steps to follow. • Structure: • The goal of the activity – an indication of what you are trying to do or make • Materials – a list of materials (or ingredients/equipment etc) needed to achieve the goal • Steps – the sequence of steps that need to be followed

33. Key grammatical pictures • Use of action verb as commands • Use of action verbs specific to the field (ie. Art, cooking, science and technology etc) • Use of text connectives to indicate the sequence of steps (if not numbered) • Use of adverbials and dependent clause to express important details such as place, extent, manner • Use of dependent clauses to express conditions, reasons, consequences, warnings etc. in more compelx procedures • Action verbs, adverbials

34. Making the Cover of My Portfolio • Large sheet of art paper • Blue ecicol dye • Oil pastel crayons • Cardboard pieces • Yellow, green, orange and red acrylic paint • Paint a blue background on a large sheet of art paper using bule edicol dye • Fold art paper in half • Draw three waratahs using red oilpastel crayons on the right side of the art paper • Dip different lengthed cardboard strips into paint to make the line patterns of the Banksia, the Bottlebrush, leaves and stems • Dip the tip of your little finger into the yellow paint and print the Wattle • Paste wood glue all over your artworl to make it shiny Goal Action Verbs (commands) Materials Action Verbs (based on the field) Using Adverbials to express importnat details Steps Using numbers to sequence

35. exercise Create a written procedure text expressing your experience

36. PICTURE 1 PICTURE 2

37. The water cycle The water cycle is also known as the hydrological cycle. There is the same amount of water on the Earth now as there was when the Earth began.  The water cycle is how the earth's water recycles itself.   The cycle includes precipitation, evaporation, condensation, and transpiration.  Earth's water keeps changing from liquid water to vapour and then back again.  This cycle happens because of the sun's heat and gravity. How does the Water Cycle work? 1. First of all, water molecules from lakes, rivers, streams, reservoirs, and the sea get heated up by the sun and then turn into vapour that rises into the air. 2. Next, these water molecules form into clouds, this is because a process called condensation occurs. 3. When the air and the water cool, they form drops of water which then fall to the earth as rain.  If they are frozen, they become snow or sleet.  4. Once the water reaches the ground, it can flow across the land until it reaches rivers, lakes, streams, or the sea.  It can also sink into the ground and flow because of gravity through gaps in rock, gravel and sand. Because of this, it reaches these bodies of water too.  5. Now the cycle begins again, when water is evaporated once more. Why is water important?      Many of us think water will always be there for us when we want it.   Without water, living things would die.  You will die if you go without water for more than a week.  Plants will die without water and that would kill all of the animals that eat the plants. Recycling Glass Bottles New glass bottles are made mainly of silica sand. The sand is melted in a furnace, at a very high temperature. Recycled glass bottles are made in a very similar way, but cost less and use up fewer natural resources. What happens to the old glass bottles? The process begins when people take their used bottles and jars to a bottle bank. Next, the bottles and jars are taken by lorry to the recycling plant. At the plant, bottle tops and lids are removed. After that, the glass is crushed into small pieces. Where does the crushed glass go? The crushed glass is then sent by lorry to a bottle factory. Here, it is mixed with a small amount of silica sand. It is then melted in a furnace, at a lower temperature than new glass. How are the new recycled bottles made? Finally, the hot liquid glass is drawn out of the furnace and fed into machinery that makes it into bottles. Recycled glass is as pure and as strong as new glass. Glass can be recycled many times without losing its quality.

38. explanation Definition – any spoken or written text explaining how things happen. Examples: how something occur ???? why something happened ??? why things are alike or different ??? how to solve a problem ???

39. Features of explanation Generic structure: • A general statement about the event or thing • A series of paragraphs that tell the hows and whys • A concluding paragraph Language features: • Technical language • Words that show cause and effect • Use of the timeless present tense

40. Question in the heading What causes weather? Weather is the physical condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. It includes temperature, air preasure and water content. Weather is produced when air moves from place to place. This moving air is known as wind. Winds are caused by warm air rising and cooler air moving in to replace it. Warm air is usually less dense (lighter) than cool air; therefore, it creates low air pressure. Cool air is more dense (heavier) and creates high air pressure. Usually we have fine weather when the air pressure is high and clouds, rain or snow when the air pressure drops. Use of technical terms introduction Words showing how and why Explanation: how and why Words showing timeless present tense Conclusion Generic terms