Normal fault: Tension Forces

1. K-W-LWhat do you know about earthquakes?In your notebook: Take 3 minutes to write down as much as you know.

2. Normal fault: Tension Forces

3. Reverse Fault: Compressional Forces

4. Earthquake energy Kinetic Energy: energy of motion Potential Energy: Stored energy in an object that can be converted into kinetic energy.

5. Do Now: Silently • Draw the fault below on your do now sheet and include the following information • Name: _______ • The type of force: _____ (compressional or tension) • Arrows showing direction of force movement:_____ • 2. How would you explain the cause of earthquakes to someone?

6. Page 117 What Causes Earthquakes?

7. What causes earthquakes? • Tectonic plates move past each other causing stress. Stress causes the rock to deform • Elastic deformation – rock stretches, builds up potential energy, then reaches a breaking point and releases energy.

8. Elasticity: The ability of a material to “rebound” into its original state after being deformed.

9. Elastic Rebound Theory – deformed rock goes back to its original shape, Releasing Energy, and Creating an Earthquake http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

10. Do Now: F Period • Turn in Homework from the weekend: Data collection map and movie guide • Write homework in planner: • Create a venn diagram for the types of waves (s and p) • Page 116: write a recipe for an earthquake (ingredients and steps) • Read pages 304 and 305 of TEXTBOOK

11. Do Now: F, G Periods • Turn in Homework from the weekend: Data collection and movie guide • Open ISN to your Flip Book and KE&PE Examples • Write homework in planner: • Create a Venn diagram for the types of waves (s and p) • Page 116: write a recipe for an earthquake (ingredients and steps) 4. Page 102/103: Write an AHA blurb about the Japan earthquake

12. Page 118: Earthquake WavesAll ENERGY is Carried on Waves…… ……..Therefore, earthquakes make waves There are THREE types of earthquake waves that are released…..

13. Primary Waves (P Waves): COMPRESSIONAL WAVES • A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground • Rocks move in the same direction as the wave • The first wave to be detected after an earthquake

14. Secondary Waves (S Waves): Transverse • A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side (at right angles) • We cannot feel these! • Move slower than P waves http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm

15. Surface Waves • Cause the most damage • Arrive after S and P waves

16. Surface Waves • Move along the Earth’s surface • Produces motion in the upper crust • Motion can be up and down • Motion can be around • Motion can be back and forth • Travel more slowly than S and P waves • More destructive

17. Welcome back! Do Now: Write the Similarities and differences between P and S Waves

18. Comparing Seismic Waves

19. Do Now page 121: Record your observations about the scene below. Using terms from the last week explain what caused the damage. What damage do you see?

20. Page 123: How do We detect Where an Earthquake happened?

22. How Seismographs Work the pendulum remains fixed as the ground moves beneath it http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

23. Typical Seismogram http://isu.indstate.edu/jspeer/Earth&Sky/EarthCh11.ppt

24. How do scientists calculate how far a location is from the epicenter of an earthquake? Lag Time: • Scientists calculate the difference between arrival times of the P waves and S waves • The further away an earthquake is, the greater the time between the arrival of the P waves and the S waves

25. Locating Earthquakes http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

26. Locating Earthquakes http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

27. Locating Earthquakes http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

28. Locating Epicenters

29. Self Check • How many earthquakes do you need to determine where the focus is? • How do you calculate lag time?

30. How are Earthquakes Measured? Richter Scale

31. Do Now: • Solve: How much more energy is released in a magnitude 8 earthquake than a magnitude 5? SHOW YOUR MATH!

32. How are Earthquakes Measured? Mercalli Intensity Scale Click Link for Interactive Demo http://elearning.niu.edu/simulations/images/S_portfolio/Mercalli/Mercalli_Scale.swf

33. Do Now: Record your observations and thoughts about the map below. Describe in detail what you are seeing. Does it make sense?

34. Do Now – Welcome Back!! 1.Write numbers 1-10 on the side of your paper. Put your name at the top. 2. In the first spot, write one idea that we discussed last week. Wait for directions. 3. When Ms. Simons says go, pass the paper to your left. With the new paper, write another idea that was discussed last week that has not been mentioned. Repeat until Ms. Simons says stop. Return paper to original owner.

35. Page 121: Damage Caused by Earthquakes

36. Primary Hazards

37. Aftershocks

38. Foundation Failure

39. Secondary Hazards

40. Liquefaction

41. Landslides

42. Fires

43. Tsunamis - Pacific Region Warning System

44. TSunamis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chbbiSCczB8

45. "Only fools, charlatans, and liars predict earthquakes" -Charles Richter

46. New Madrid, Missouri1811, 1812

47. Paleoseismology

48. Seismic Gaps