1 / 31

Projected changes to freshwater aquaculture

Projected changes to freshwater aquaculture. Presented by Timothy Pickering. Authors.

zahir-davenport
Download Presentation

Projected changes to freshwater aquaculture

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Projected changes to freshwater aquaculture Presented by Timothy Pickering

  2. Authors • This presentation is based on Chapter 11 ‘Vulnerability of aquaculture in the tropical Pacific to climate change’ in the book Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change, edited by JD Bell, JE Johnson and AJ Hobday and published by SPC in 2011. • The authors of Chapter 11 are: Timothy Pickering, Ben Ponia, Cathy Hair, Paul Southgate, Elvira Poloczanska, Luc Della Patrona, Antoine Teitelbaum, Chadag Mohan, Michael Phillips, Johann Bell and Sena De Silva

  3. Key messages • Freshwater aquaculture in the Pacific should benefit from climate change • Plans to increase future production and livelihoods from freshwater aquaculture will stay on track • Freshwater aquaculture is an adaptation to effects of climate change on coastal fisheries

  4. Current and projected freshwater aquaculture production

  5. Food security • Culture of cheap freshwater fish for food security is gaining a higher priority • ‘Drivers’ are increasing populations and a decline in the coastal fisheries

  6. Food security • Pond aquaculture is one of 3 major strategies, along with: • low-cost inshore FADs • increased landings of • Small-pond aquaculture will be least in quantity • But products have high quality (freshness, nutrition) and availability

  7. Tilapia Semi-intensive culture in earthen ponds Lined ponds Aquaponics Red Tilapia – Cage Culture Intensive Recirculating Intensive flow-through

  8. Milkfish Brackish ponds Freshwater ponds Cage culture

  9. Freshwater prawn Hatchery-based culture Macrobrachium rosenbergii Capture-based culture Macrobrachium lar Integrated taro/prawn pond culture Monoculture

  10. SME approaches to food security • Household-level aquaculture for subsistence is only viable with on-going government support • Challenge is to add a layer of viable SME-scale commercial-market aquaculture for peri-urban markets

  11. Existing tilapia production • Difficult to estimate • Many small-scale farmers in remote places with repeated (unmeasured) small harvests

  12. Tilapia production • Tilapia aquaculture continues to expand in the region • Fiji harvests faround 100 – 300 tonnes • PNG reports 100 tonnes per year to FAO, but number of farms is 10,000 – 20,000 • Samoa now has 25 farms • Solomon Islands has an Inland Aquaculture project to support emerging farmers • Hatchery established in Vanuatu

  13. Livelihoods Tilapia Tilapia

  14. Milkfish Production • 30 – 80 tonnes per year in intensive systems in Guam • 5 – 15 tonnes per year in Kiribati • Four farms now operate in Palau • Capture-based culture trials underway in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Tonga

  15. Freshwater prawn production • Fiji: 25 tonnes per year • Vanuatu has established a hatchery • Other PICTs are interested (PNG, Cook Islands). • PICTs could produce several hundred tonnes per year

  16. Vulnerability of freshwater aquaculture

  17. Projected climates changes Source: Lough et al. (2011), Ganachaud et al. (2011)

  18. Temperature 2035 2050* Spatial variation in temperature increase 2035 2100 Source: Lough et al. (2011) * Based on B1 2100

  19. Rainfall Spatial variation in rainfall (winter) 2035 2100 Source: Lough et al. (2011)

  20. Greater climatic variation • Extremes will become more extreme • Expect the unexpected! (droughts, too) Flows in Tontouta River, New Caledonia, after cyclones Source: Gehrke et al. (2011)

  21. Tilapia, freshwater prawn • Tilapia aquaculture has a low vulnerability and may benefit from climate change • Temperatures suitable for tilapia and prawn farming will extended higher latitudes and altitudes

  22. Tilapia, freshwater prawn DFF (Fiji) Ltd Prawn Farm • Higher rainfall should increase the number of sites suitable for inland aquaculture • But some areas may become more prone to flooding Cyclone Mick, December 2009

  23. Tilapia, freshwater prawn • Increased risk of stratification from higher temperatures causing de-oxygenation; pond aeration may be needed • Greater heat stress, and incidence of pathogens

  24. Milkfish • Increased temperatures will extend the geographical range of spawners and season for fry collection • Supply of fry may be at risk from effects of ocean acidification on larval behaviour

  25. Summary of vulnerability

  26. Key adaptations

  27. How should we adapt? • Build fish ponds to avoid more severe floods Photo: Avinash Singh

  28. How should we adapt? • Prepare to increase flushing and aeration of ponds to combat stratification Photo: Jacques Patrois

  29. How should we adapt? • Develop freshwater aquaculture for food security and livelihoods • Limit farming of tilapia to catchments where tilapia are already established in the wild or where there is a chronic shortage of fish

  30. Conclusions • Freshwater pond aquaculture is likely to be favoured by climate change

  31. Conclusions Aspirations for significant future production and livelihoods from inland aquaculture can be realised

More Related