Terrain and Traffic Collision Avoidance System T 2 CAS - The second generation TAWS

1. Terrain and Traffic Collision Avoidance System T2CAS - The second generation TAWS

2. Thales group : A worldwide leader Aerospace Air Systems Land & Joint Systems Services Naval Security 2005 Sales: €10.3bn - Order book: €20.2bn 60,000 employees in 50 countries A worldwide leader in both civil and defence markets

3. Environment dB server Traffic gene. Atmo. Gene. ATC position consists of an EUROCAT station ATC position Airport operation AOC* position Ground Avionics function FM, Taxi, TAWS, TCAS.. Aircraft Model THALES MARS SIMULATION Unique Market Position to integrate Air and Ground solutions

4. 1999 • THOMSON-CSF SEXTANT THALES Aerospace: brief history 2004 • Thales Aerospace Division • THALES Airborne Systems 2001 • L-3 Communications (JV) • ACSS • Racal 2000 • Thales Avionics Ltd • VDO+BGT (JV) • Diehl AvionikSysteme GmbH 2000 • Thales Avionics-Inflight Systems 1999 • B/E Aerospace • Auxilec • Thales Avionics Electrical Systems 1989 • SEXTANT AVIONIQUE • SFENA • THOMSON-CSF/AVG • EAS • JAEGER • CROUZET • MORS • BADIN

5. What is T²CAS? Certified TAWS: GCAM = second generation TAWS • Reduced LRU count • Second generation TAWS : • Performance based Sensors • Enhanced Landing Protection • Lower cost of ownership TCAS 2000 = Proven Second Generation TCAS system with over 9000 units flying Enhanced TAWS and Proven TCAS combined

6. WARNING CAUTION 8 Sec. GPS 20 Sec. Climb Capability Respond React 112 s 112 s Digital Terrain Database Performance Based Clearance Sensors • At all time … • The short-term segment of the clearance sensor models what the aircraft is currently doing: True current flight path angle • The long-term segment of the clearance sensor models what the aircraft could do if an alert were to occur: Actual climb performance • As compared to conventional clearance sensors, this allows a longer clearance sensor to be built without generating nuisance alerts. Performance Based Alerts , enhancing safety

7. Cross-section: Non - Inhibition Inhibition Region 8º Non - Inhibition 2.64º 0.3 Nm Runway T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview The T2CAS provides CFIT (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) protection for all phases of flight, including the approach and landing phase. The Convergence Envelope (or “Landing Tunnel”) logic is designed to predict whether the aircraft is properly converging on the runway for a safe landing. If proper convergence is predicted, the forward-looking Collision Predicting and Alerting (CPA) function is inhibited (the reactive GPWS modes remain active throughout the landing procedure). • Figure 1 • TAWS Convergence Envelope: Inhibition When Landing Normally, Alerting Enabled When Outside of Normal Landing Area

8. CONVERGENCE ENVELOPE 5000 m T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview • The Convergence Envelope is NOT simply a volume of space within which CPA alerting is inhibited. The previous figure above (reproduced from the ACSS T2CAS Pilot’s Guide, Doc 8000264-001 Rev 1) loosely illustrates the physical geometry of the Convergence Envelope in terms of: • Distance from Runway • Vertical Position • Horizontal Position • However, landing tunnel does also include these additional conditions: • Track Angle • Vertical Speed • Flap and Gear Setting – one of the two must be down to inhibit Runway position accuracy is essential

9. T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview • In summary, the T2CAS TAWS function inhibits CPA alerting during runway approaches as long as the following conditions are met: • Aircraft is in Approach Phase • Aircraft is in proper Landing Configuration • Runway Convergence is predicted • The CPA function can be re-enabled at any time if these conditions fail to remain satisfied. At this point the system will generate the appropriate alerts, should a CFIT potential exist. Alert Possible! Inhibition Region Non - Inhibition 2.64º 0.3 Nm Runway

10. T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview • If Runway Source Data is in error, nuisance alerts can result. • Example of Runway Threshold Location Problem at ONE AIRPORT Which Causes a Misaligned Tunnel and Nuisance Alert Initial source data shows westward lateral shift of 0.5 Nm Initial source data shows westward lateral shift of 0.5 Nm

11. T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview • DB 20 Misaligned Tunnel Causes a Nuisance Alert to be Indicated XX.91 XX.89 XX.87 XX.85 XX.83 XX.81 XX.79 DB20 Runway Threshold is defined to the left of the actual runway. The Aircraft Exits the Horizontal Landing Tunnel and an alert is indicated via CPA sensor contacting the “terrain” of the runway. XX5.79 XX5.84 XX5.89 XX5.94 XX5.99

12. T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview • DB 21 Corrects the Runway Location which Aligns the Tunnel. No Nuisance Alert Is Indicated. XX.91 XX.89 XX.87 XX.85 XX.83 XX.81 XX.79 DB21 Corrects the runway Threshold location. The Aircraft does not Exit the Horizontal Landing Tunnel and an alert is NOT indicated. XX5.79 XX5.84 XX5.89 XX5.94 XX5.99 Runway position accuracy is essential

13. GPS 112 Seconds 112 Seconds Current Climb Capability of Aircraft CAUTION Full Descent / Climb Path Protection WARNING Expanded Look when Entering Turns 4-D Approach Projection for Landing Terrain Adv. Line Advisory added to Display ‘AVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT Enough New New Terrain Advisory Line– Advisory Caution- Aural Alert Pull-Up- Aural Warning Avoid- Aural Warning A broader Alert sequence to avoid accidents

14. T2CAS Airport and Terrain Database Database Development Process

15. Terrain Data Providers AIS THAV End-user EAG Civil Aviation Authorities Database Development Process Terrain Data ACSS Nav Data Combined Data

16. Terrain Data Providers AIS Terrain Data • Source data comes from Official Terrain Data Providers • US Geological Survey • National Imaging and Mapping Agency • Shuttle Radar Topographical Mission (SRTM) Data • Etc. • Advanced InfoData Systems, GmbH (AIS) compiles the data • Per DO-200a process Terrain Data

17. EAG Civil Aviation Authorities Airport and Runway Data • Source data comes from Official State Agencies • FAA/NACO • JAA • Etc. • European Aeronautical Group (EAG) Generates an ARINC 424 database • Per DO-200a process Nav Data

18. End-user THAV ACSS Combined Data • Thales Avionics performs verification and validation of the data, filters the airport data, and merges Terrain and Airport Data into a single file • Per DO-200a process • Calculates 32bit CRC for integrity checking • ACSS attaches a file header and distributes the data to customers Combined Data