Proposal for Clifton Cay

2. Proposal for Clifton Cay

3. The Development Responsible development by the Bechtel Corporation

4. Economic Overview

5. GDP= Y =C+I+G+(X-M) Without the Development With the Development Consumption, C Investment, I Government Spending, G Export, E Import, M All factors of the GDP will stay the same. 60% of GDP comes from the foreign consumption. • Consumption, C • Investment, I • Government Spending, G • Export, E Higher GDP due to higher foreign investment. .

6. Advantages for the Bahamas

7. Benefits

8. Further Consequences… • This allows the Bahamas to deal with issues like the pollution and poverty of the country • The Bahamas must strike a balance between the past and future with the present.

9. The Clifton Cay development allows for the honoring of the past, the protection of the future, and the investment in the present. That will enable the Bahamas to have an independent and bright future.

10. Environmental Concerns How important is it to protect the surrounding environment around the Clifton Cay site? 1 What are people doing to protect the environmental area near the Clifton Cay site? 2

11. Consequences When Sea Turtles decline… Fewer eggs are laid in the beaches Affecting Human since human use the beach for a variety of activities less nutrients are provided to the dune vegetation because sea turtle eggs are the major source of nutrients Increase in beach erosions because weak root systems is less capable of holding sand in the dunes

12. Consequences When Sea Turtles decline… Grass beds declines marine species declines Impacting human Human food source is affected because many species of fish, shellfish and crustaceans are lost due to the lost of their habitats. Sea grass beds declines because they rely on sea turtle to keep them short and healthy to grow across the sea floor. Marine species decline due to the fact that the sea grass beds provide breeding and developmental grounds for them.

13. Paradise lost: The site is yet another resort development which was previously designated for a coastal marine reserve. Politicians on retainer? The Bahamas government is colluding with multinational developers to destroy sites that were designated to become marine reserves.

15. 1 2 3 To create a protected area at Clifton Cay To protect archaeological, historical, and natural sites To make the park secure and attractive for all people Clifton Park Committee -Objectives:

16. Clifton Park Committee - Functions 1 2 3 4 To assist Bahamian government in formulating restrictions to safeguard archaeological, historical, and environmental assets of the area. To prepare a detailed business plan and its economic, social, and employment impacts To raise sufficient funding so land and rights can be acquired and given to Bahamian people To create a detailed plan for the protected area

17. Provide opportunities for visitors to experience and understand environmental resources Conceptual Master Plan: 1 • Purpose: • To contribute to the preservation of cultural and natural identity of Bahamians to create a place of national • Importance. 2 • Provide opportunities for scientific study and archaeological research that is concerned with resource protection. Conservation Area is to be managed to 5 • Minimize new disturbance 3 4 • Permit only development that is compatible with natural surroundings, historic settings, and architecture, while being energy efficient • Conservation Preserve critical ecological processes that ensure preservation of rare, endemic, and threatened plant and animal species. Clifton Conservation Area Conceptual Master Plan

18. Clifton Heritage Park Restoration Has attracted support of number of political and environmental activists, including Reverend Jesse Jackson The public encouraged to abide by the laws of the country by not dumping garbage in the area Cleanup and restoration of the area progressed with the help of volunteers, through The Bahamas National Trust Natural assets being restored include nature trails, cliffs, beaches, coral reefs, logwood swamps, and wetlands Restoration began in 2002

21. Hubert Ingram, Former Prime Minister • We are a conservative political party in the Bahamas in power from 1992 - 2002 • We privatized the Government owned hotels, which had fallen into decline since nationalization, private radio stations were allowed to operate, ending government's regime • We introduced local government, encouraged inward investment to grow the economy • Foreign companies have spent millions to build lavish beachfront hotels, spurred on by Free National Movement, which came to power on a platform of job creation and outside investment.

22. People have been criticizing us for being driven only by profit, by money, while in fact, The Bahamas has never had a government so aware of and compliant with principles of sustainable development. The Bahamas has never had a government more committed to the advancement of all our peoples, regardless of race or political affiliation. That is what our people needed for a better way of life and education. What country is concerned about preserving artifacts when it is scraping by for a living or for food? The Clifton Project will greatly help the development of Bahamas. Think of the thousands of jobs it could bring our people. Think of the increased welfare result by this project.

23. We are the good guys! We wanna eat! Show me the Money! We, the FNM government is pro-developing We Think that the living standard and food instead of preservation of Clifton should be considered a priority The Clifton development Project will bring our country job and money

24. Local Bahamians • Clifton Cay is the last free beach for the locals • The beach has become a symbol against slavery • Clifton Cay has symbolic attachments to the local’s ancestors

25. FREE BEACH!

26. Say no to slavery! • The hotel industry keeps the local Bahamians in a poverty base class. • Restricts their freedom

27. Anger over Clifton Cay erupted in February, when hundreds of people attended a town meeting held by the developers, a group led by San Francisco-based Fremont Realty Capital. Pledges that the project would pump $500 million into the local economy and create 1,300 full-time jobs failed to stop a crowd from shouting, "Go home"; The feeling amongst Bahamians is that government policy has gone too far in selling out anything and everything to investors in the name of jobs.  Some people are saying enough of this kind of economic prostitution.

28. Perry Christie, Prime Minister I am the Leader of PLP (Progressive Liberal Party), a democratic liberal party "a PLP that will not only build new hospitals, schools, bridges and roads, but a PLP that will build up patriotism, pride, optimism and hope. These values must be brought to full flowering; otherwise, we labor in vain."

29. The 2002 Election

30. I would put the developers of the Clifton Cay project on notice when the PLP wins office at the next General Election and the permissions granted for Clifton Cay by the FNM would be revoked.  • I would use PLP’s powers under the Acquisition of Land Act to compulsorily acquire the land in the public interest, with due compensation to its owners.

31. "What we try to do is to follow those companies around and say 'no, you can't flee the United States in order to try and destroy the environment elsewhere,"' Kennedy said, a staff attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council. • Taking his conservation battle to the Bahamas, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said a massive resort project financed by a California firm would damage environmental and cultural treasures in a way that would not be allowed on the U.S. mainland • They developed advertisements against the project, but the government-owned broadcast stations refused to air them.

32. The governing party asked the U.S. Embassy here to "advise Mr. Kennedy to save the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the embarrassment of having to put Mr. Kennedy on the (immigration) stop list for working illegally in the Bahamas." • Mr. Kennedy helped influence the people of Bahamians minds and was able to help change the course of elections in favor of the PLP.

33. 17 years after Columbus’s arrival, virtually all traces of the Lucayan people vanished. Clifton Cay is the only surviving site with evidence of Lucayan occupation in the Bahamas. Lucayan Indians Lucayan Interaction Lucayan Shelter Lucayan Pottery Columbus’s Ships

34. Clifton Plantation Wylly Clifton kept an incredible record of plantation life. Possible comparison between Bahamian slavery and American slavery. Historical archaeology may be explored. Slave Auction Slaves on Plantation Owner’s Manor

35. Archaeotourism Rare site with three different ethnic backgrounds: Lucayan Indians, European and Africans. Balancing act between different stakeholders. Interests of Bahamian people should be considered.

36. Bibliography • Wilkie, Laurie A. • 2001 Communicative Bridges Linking Actors Through Time. Journal of Social Archaeology 1(2):225-243. • United States of America Central Intelligence Agency • 2007 CIA World Factbook: The Bahamas. Electronic Document, • https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bf.html, accessed April 20th , 2007. • Keefer, Philip and Stephen Knack • 2004 Social Capital, Social Norms, and the New Institutional Economics: • Handbook of New Institutional Genomics. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. • Caribbean Conservation Corporation • 1995 Clifton Conservation Area vs. Coastal Development. Electronic document, http://www.cccturtle.org/bahamas.php, accessed March 28, 2007. • Public Agenda. "Clifton Park Committee". Caribbean Conservation & Sea Turtle Survival League. Caribbean Conservation Corporation. 18 April 2007. http://www.cccturtle.org/bahamas.php?page=comittee • http://www.fredmitchelluncensored.com/Clifton_Cay.html