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The English Renaissance

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The English Renaissance

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  1. The English Renaissance

  2. The English Renaissance Renaissance literally means “rebirth” Rebirth of classical literature and art forms A Renaissance occurs when life is good (people are not fighting for survival) It is a high time for art and literature

  3. At certain points in history, factors converge to cause dramatic shifts in human values and perceptions. One such shift, beginning in 14thcentury Italy, launched the period of European history known as the Renaissance ("rebirth"). During the Renaissance, the medieval world view, focused on religion and the afterlife, was replaced by a more modern view, stressing human life here on earth. Renaissance Europeans delighted in the arts and literature, in the beauty of nature, in human impulses, and in a new sense of mastery over the world.

  4. The Renaissance Period • Renaissance-flowering of literary, artistic, and intellectual development. • Began in Italy in the fourteenth century • |with the help of Medici family/banking • “Rebirth” of intellectual and artistic energies that characterized ancient Rome and Greece • Also a time of territorial exploration and discovery>both in Asia and the Americas

  5. Henry VIII • From the Tudor line • Had SIX wives: Catherine of Aragon(divorced), Anne Boleyn(beheaded), Jane Seymore (died), Ann of Cleves(divorced), Kathryn Howard (beheaded), Katherine Parr (survived) • Henry VIII divorced the Catholic Church in order to marry his mistress (second wife) • He wanted a male heir • But only fathered two daughters (Mary and Elizabeth) and at last, one son (Edward) • Was Catholic, Protestant, Catholic, Protestant . . . .

  6. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry kept mass, all rites, left doctrine unchanged • Henry’s six wives: • Catherine of Aragon---Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary, daughter) • Anne Boleyn---Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen, daughter) • Jane Seymour---Edward VI (Only son) • Anne of Cleves • Catherine Howard • Catherine Parr • “Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived”

  7. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry VII married Elizabeth of York • Ended the Wars of the Roses • Symbol>the Tudor rose • design that combined the old white (York) and the red (Lancaster) designs • Ruled the country for more than a century • Time of stability and confidence • Progress of the Renaissance in England>slow and fitful

  8. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Sir Thomas Wyatt/Henry Howard, Earl of Surry • Two gifted poets in Henry’s court • Sonnets>based on Italian (Petrarchan) style • Movement of religious protest • Martin Luther>Germany>Ninety-five Theses • Objections to church abuses • Became Protestant Reformation • No religious alignment for England>political

  9. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry VIII>married Catherine of Aragon(#1) • Spanish>Roman Catholic>no male heir • Henry wanted divorce>Pope refused • Henry had marriage annulled • Mary>daughter=illegitimate • The Act of Supremacy>Henry=head of church and state>Anglican church established • Sir Thomas More refused to swear allegiance to Henry>imprisoned/executed (A Man for All Seasons)

  10. The Tudor Rose: A combination of the white (York) and the red (Lancaster)

  11. Prince Edward • The sole male heir to Henry’s throne • He was Protestant and upheld this faith in the country once in power • Was ill and died shortly after gaining the throne • Left behind no heir (too young to do so)

  12. Bloody Mary • After Edward’s short reign and early death, Mary took the English throne. • Devoutly Catholic and looking to vindicate her mother (Henry’s first wife), Mary vowed to wipe out Protestantism. • Ordered the mass execution of Protestants to restore the Catholic faith. • Died of what is believed to be cancer (possibly from ovarian cysts or uterine cancer)

  13. Queen Elizabeth I • “Bastard” Queen, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn • Was both acknowledged and disowned by her father when he was alive • Devoutly Protestant • “Virgin Queen”—never married, used her feminine wiles to gain and maintain power • The art of flirtation became a lucrative enterprise during her reign • Encouraged poetry and theater • Powerful, wise, and important monarch • Sustained many plots against her life

  14. King James I • Was Queen Elizabeth’s Godson, inherited her throne. • Patron of theater—Shakespeare’s King’s Men were his favorite acting troupe. • Solidified the Protestant faith with the creation of the King James Bible

  15. A Difference in Viewpoints:Medieval and Renaissance Collectivism/Standardization mentality, guilds were strong Preoccupied with the soul and death Feudalism In wars, knights were rarely killed; foot soldiers made up the bulk of the fatalities. Church in England; the Pope was involved with its politics. Parliament’s primary function was to grant funds to the King. Exaltation of the individual Appreciation of life; art, dance and music blossomed. Nationalism Gunpowder was used in warfare; it killed knights and foot soldiers alike. Church of England; England became a sovereignstate. Parliament was utilized to enact laws that helped enforce government policy.

  16. Thank you for your attention!

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