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Who was William Shakespeare? He was: • a poet • a playwright • an actor
Why study Shakespeare? Chances are, you’ve quoted Shakespeare without even knowing it! Have you ever said the following...
“in a pickle” “It’s Greek to me.” “Too much of a good thing.”
“as luck would have it” “good riddance” “dead as a door-nail” “foul play”
“a laughing stock” “an eyesore” “send me packing” “without rhyme or reason”
His life Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, in central England, in 1564 and he died there in 1616. When William Shakespeare was 18 years old he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Then Shakespeare went to London to work as an actor and a writer. He wrote and acted for two important monarchs: Queen Elizabeth I and James I. He had a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain’s Men which later was called the King’s men. He produced most of his work between 1589 and 1603.
1590’s • Queen Elizabeth I ruled • English explorers were crossing the ocean to the New World • And travelers coming to England LOVED watching plays...
The Playwrights... • Christopher Marlowe • Thomas Kyd • And William Shakespeare was the original “New Kid on the Block”
About the theatres •Protestants condemned the plays •Theatres were on the outskirts of London--away from the authorities •People who attended the theatres included: -merchants -lawyers -laborers -prostitutes -visitors from other countries -nobility & royalty
The Elizabethan Theater • English drama came of age because during the reign of Elizabeth I, developing into a sophisticated and very popular art form. Although playwrights like Shakespeare were mainly responsible for the great theatrical achievements of the time, the importance of actors, audiences, and theater buildings should not be underestimated. • Before the reign of Elizabeth I, theater companies traveled about the country putting on plays wherever they could find an audience, often performing in the open courtyards of inns. Spectators watch either from the ground or from balconies or galleries above.
England’s First Playhouse • When Shakespeare was twelve years old, an actor named James Burbage built London’s first theater, called simply The Theater, just beyond the city walls in Shoreditch. • Actors, even prominent actors, were frowned upon by the city fathers but were wildly popular with the common people. Though actors were considered rogues and vagabonds by some, they were held in sufficient repute to be called on frequently to perform at court.
In 1572 an act of Parliament required theater companies to operate under the patronage of a respectable person or organization, and two years later a London ordinance imposed a number of licensing restrictions on theatrical groups and productions. Burbage's acting company enjoyed the patronage of the Earl of Leicester, but It was Burbage himself who financed the new theater.
The Globe Theater • In 1598 the city fathers closed down The Theater, so Burbage and his men dismantled it and hauled it in pieces across the Thames to Southwark. It took them six months to rebuild it, and when they did, they renamed it The Globe.
•No lighting •No scenery--Just a curtain •Could hold around 2,000 people
most expensive seats were directly behind the stage • people sitting there could only see the actors from behind
Shakespeare’s plays Shakespeare wrote 38 plays These have been translated into every major language and are performed more than those of any other playwright in the world. His plays can be divided into three groups: • Tragedies: for example Othello, Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, and Romeo and Juliet. • Comedies: for example A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Twelfth Nightand Much Ado About Nothing. • Historical plays: for example Richard III, Henry IV and Julius Caesar. A tragedy is a play with a sad ending, in which someone suffers or dies. A comedy is a play of a light, amusing kind. It is intended to make people laugh. A historical play is about historical events and characters.
Shakespeare’s poems Shakespeare has written 154 sonnets. The Shakesperean or English Sonnet has 14 lines and is divided into three quartrains and a couplet. The rhyming scheme usually is abab, cdcd, efef, gg. Most of his sonnets are about love.
Sonnet 138 When my love swears that she is made of truth, a I do believe her though I know she lies, b That she might think me some untutor'd youth, a Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. b Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young, c Although she knows my days are past the best, d Simply I credit her false-speaking tongue; c On both sides thus is simple truth suppressed. d But wherefore says she not she is unjust? e And wherefore say not I that I am old? f O! love's best habit is in seeming trust, e And age in love loves not to have years told: f Therefore I lie with her, and she with me, g And in our faults by lies we flatter'd be. g
Shakespeare Theatre: the Globe • It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company and was destroyed by fire in 1613. • A modern copy of the Globe was built in 1997 • The modern theatre is located in London on the banks of the river Thames. • Today it is possible to see Shakespeare’s plays at the Globe.
The Globe The globe is an open-air theatre because it took inspiration from the Roman amphitheatres.
The audience In the XVI – XVII centuries going to theatre was pure amusement. Everybody liked it, and poor people, too, went to see the most popular plays. The poor did not have a seat; they stood “on the ground” in front of the stage and for this reason they were called “groundlings”. This tradition is still respected today.
THE ACTORS In the Elizabethan Theatre women’s roles were played by young men or boys. Today at the Globe both men and women interpret Shakespearean characters, but some works are played by men only to recreate the real atmosphere of that period.
Elizabethan age • Shakespeare lived and worked in the Elizabethan age • This period is called Elizabethan from Queen Elizabeth I who reigned between 1558 and 1603. • It is considered a golden age in the history of Britain because the country was healthy and powerful and it was a period of exploration and expansion abroad. • In this period art and literature were very important and most popular of all was drama, thanks to Shakespeare and other artists.
Shakespeare and his plays have inspired some modern films • Shakespeare in Love • Romeo and Juliet • The Lion King • Hamlet
Warm bodies • Romeo and Juliet • 10 things I hate about you • The taming of the shrew
