Economic importance and mass production of paecilomyces

1. Economics importance & mass production of Paecilomyces

2. Submitted by:Name : LimbachiyaMilind Reg. No. : 3010716024Sub.: Cr.Prot.8.3 : Bio-control Agencies and Bio-pesticides • Submitted to : • Dr. R.R. Waghundesir

3. Paecilomyces • Kingdom : Fungi • Division : Ascomycota • Class : Eurotiomycetes • Order : Eurotiales • Family : Trichocomaceae • Genus : paecilomyces

4. Economic importance • P.lilacinus is a commonly soil saprophyte and a facultative parasitic fungus attacking sedentary stages of nematodes. • Protects the root system against diseases caused by plant parasitic nematodes. • Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan filamentous fungus which inhabits the soil , decaying plants and food products. • The colour is initially white, and becomes yellow, yellow-green, yellow-brown , olive-brown, pink or violet depending on the species.

5. This fungus is biological nematicides, which is used to control nematodes in the soil. • Nematodes has now become a national pests. Due its infestation on roots, plant yield is substainitallyreduced. Nematode control by chemical has limited use therefore, use of Paecilomyceshas gaining importance worldwide. • It is eco friendly , environment safe and cause no pollution. • It is much cheaper than a standard nematicides.

6. Paecilomycesfumosoroseusalso called “yellow muscardine” is most important natural enemies of whiteflies worldwide (Nunez et l., 2008) • Effective over Bemisia and Trialeurodes spp. In both greenhouse and open field environments. • Grows extensively over the leaf surface under humid conditions that helps it to spread rapidly through whitefly populations ( Wraightet al., 2000) • Best for controlling the nymphs of whitefly (Kim el al., 2002) • These fungi cover the body of whitefly with mycelial threads and stick them to the underside of the leaves.

7. Paecilomycesliacinusprincipally infects and assimillateseg. root-knot and cyst nematodes. • The nymphs show a “feathery appearance” (Nunez et al., 2008) • Against • Trichoplusiani • HeliithisZea • Bagradacruciferarum • Bombyxmori • Anticarsiagemmatalis

8. Mass production of Paecilomyces • Abstract: The opportunity nematode egg parasitic fungus , Paecilomyceslilacinuswas mass produced in different media for evaluation of spore production & formulations. Potato dextrose broth, Richard’s medium , 10% mdlasses and semi selective medium was used as culture medium. The semi selective medium served as control. Highest mycelial weight was found in semi selective medium (19.82g), followed by 10% molasses medium (16.85g) . The least mycelial weight was found in PDB (10.5g).Highest spore load was found in semi selective medium (32.8 x 107 cfu/g ) followed by 10% molasses medium (28.8 x 107cfu/g ) . The spore production was least in PDB (10.3 x 107 cfu/g). The mass produced fungus was formulated with different carrier materials like fly ash , vermiculite, rice hull ash and talc and the viability of the spores were tested at frequent intervals. The viability of the fungus lasted for 120 days in talc and fly ash. Rice hull ash and vermiculite had a viability period of 90 and 75 days resectively.

9. Introduction:The annual growth rate of synthetic pesticide is 1-2% as against 10-15%in the case of microbial pesticides. The synthetic chemical pesticides resulted in environment pollution leads to the search for antagonists for pest managements by research worldwide. Nematodes are one of the important limiting factors in crop production . The nematophagus fungus Paecilomyceslilacinushas been identified as an effective biocontrol agent of Meloidgynespp. And Globodera spp. Due to high cost of chemical nematicides and their risk to human beings and environment , use of biocontrol agents has become renewed interest . Many authorps reported the multiplication of Paecilomyces ( llyanitidinow, 1992, Meyer et al., 1997 , Vyas et al., 1995) but they involve high cost in multiplication of the fungus. Hence , the present study was conducted to study the various liquid media for multiplication of the fungus P.lilacinus.

10. Materials & Methods: • Mass multiplication • 100 ml of the different liquid media viz. PDB (Ranga swami 1972) , 10% Molasses ,Richard’s medium and semi selective medium were taken in a 250 ml conical flask. They were autoclaved at 15 psi for 20 min. Each flask was inoculated aseptically with 8mm disc of the P.lilacinus , maintained on PDA as a pure culutue. The flask were incubated at room temperature for 30 days. The fungus inoculated in semi selective medium served as control.

11. Mycelial weight & spore load of fungus multiplied in different media

12. All the treatments were replicated five times. Fungal biomass was recorded in each treatments . Spore load was enumerated by serial dilution and planting method on Rose Bengal Agar. (Martins 1950) • Formulations: • The culture flasks in the above treatments were used for formulations with different carrier materials viz. talc, fly ash, rice hull ash, vermiculite. The mycelialmatalong with the broth was homogenized and mixed with carrier material in the ratio 1:2 (Richard’s 1981). Carboxyl methyle cellulose was added @5g/kg of the products. The acidity of the medium was neutralized by adding 20g of the chalk /kg of the products. Then the products was shade dried to reduced the moisture content to 12% and packed in opaque polythene bags and stored at room temperature for further studies. The spore load at the time of packing was 20x10 cfu/g in the products. The formulated products was tested for the viability by serial dilution and planting at 15 days interval for 120 days

13. Results & Discussions • The fungus was found multiplied well in all the media. In semi selective medium the growth was rapid. The fungus took about 28-30 days at 28 ± 1°C to cover the entire flask in all the media. Highest fungal biomass (19.82g) and spore load ( 32.8 X 107 spore/g ) was observed in semi selective medium .Molasses 10% medium yielded moderately high biomass and spore production (16.85 g and 28.8 X 107 spores/g respectively). The least biomass and spores production were recorded in PDB. Mass production of P.lilacinuson molasses has certain advantages over other media. It is cheaply available and there is no quality loss in the fungus. Calderen et al., 1995 also reported similar findings. Although semi selective medium gave significantly high populations , 10% molasses medium was a cheaper substrate for mass multiplication.

14. Among the various formulations tested, talc and fly ash were to be the best. The mass production in various media has no significant effect on storage. In talc and fly ash , the spore load to 2X107cfu/g in 120 days. In vermiculite and rice hull ash the viability drops down in 90 and 75 days respectively. As the time proceeds the shelf life of the products was gradually deteriorated.

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