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Mayer - World History - Medieval Asia

Mayer - World History - Medieval Asia

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Mayer - World History - Medieval Asia

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  1. Medieval Asia 200 – 1400 AD

  2. What? • We will be studying the civilizations of Asia that develop after ancient times, as well as continuing to follow China. • Who? • We will focus on the 3 different dynasties that ruled China during this period, as well as the founders of the Japanese empire, and one of the greatest warrior empires in history, the Mongols. • When? • This unit will focus on the time period from the civilizing of Japan around 200 AD until the fall of the Mongol Empire in 1386 AD. • Where? • Our main focus will be on East Asia(China and Japan), but will cover all of Asia that comes under the Mongol Empire.

  3. WORD WALL samurai shogun daimyo feudalism bushido dynasty clan

  4. Section 1: China Reunified (581 AD – 1279 AD)

  5. Learning Goal Students will be able to identify the dynasties that ruled medieval China and compare them to other medieval and ancient civilizations.

  6. China Reunified • In 222 AD, the Han Dynasty, which had ruled China since ancient times was overthrown and a civil war began that lasted over 300 years. • In 581 AD, one family was able to reunite China for the first time and established the first of three Chinese dynasties of the medieval period. • 1. Sui (Pronounced Sway) • 2. Tang (Pronounced Tong) • 3. Song (Pronounced Soong)

  7. Sui Dynasty • In 581 AD, general Sui Yangdi is finally able to win the civil war in China and create a unified empire. He was a very cruel, hard-fisted ruler who used violence to enforce control over his people. • Completed the Grand Canal; the longest man-made waterway in the world. It runs 1104 miles through China and connects China’s two major rivers, the Yellow and the Yangtze. The Chinese invented the water lock system that allows boats to travel up and down in elevation during this time, and it is still in use today. • Very short dynasty; only one emperor, Sui Yangdi. Was very cruel: used forced labor to build a new capital and the Grand Canal, enforced extremely high taxes to pay for his lavish lifestyle. • In 618, the Chinese people rebelled against Sui and murdered the emperor.

  8. Tang Dynasty • After Sui Yangdiwas murdered in 618, a new family takes control of China as the Tang Dynasty. The Tangs were tolerant and peaceful rulers who promoted equality, education, and wealth. • Equality: • Required exams to work in the government. • Took land from wealthy land owners and gave it to the peasant farmers for free. • Trade: • First civilization in the world to issue and use paper money. • Re-opened the Silk Road, a very famous trade route that ran from China to Rome.

  9. Tang Dynasty • Education: • Established specialized universities for certain professions; such as calligraphy, law, engineering, and medicine. • Numerous inventions were created during the Tang dynasty including; the first gunpowder weapons, the first printing press, and steel. • Eventually, the massive wealth they built up led to corruption in the government and the emperor was overthrown by one of his generals in 906 AD.

  10. Song Dynasty • After the Tangs are overthrown a third family steps in to take control of China, the Songs. • The Songs are not very strong rulers. They continue the methods that the Tangs perfected by expanding trade and promoting education. • Art, philosophy, and writing were extremely popular. Because of the invention of the printing press, more books were published during the Song Dynasty than had been printed in the previous 400 years of Chinese history. • However, the Songs were not warriors and they reduced the power of the army to prevent being overthrown like the Tangs. Hire non-Chinese mercenaries to fight and defend China. This backfires when the people they pay to defend China turn against them. • The Songs have to deal with multiple invasions from their northern neighbors and in 1279 the Songs are conquered and wiped out by a warrior empire called the Mongols.

  11. Summary: Essential Question • What were the dynasties that ruled medieval China? • The dynasties that ruled medieval China were _______________________________.

  12. Summary: Essential Question • What are the similarities and differences between them and other ancient and medieval civilizations? • The dynasties that ruled medieval China were _______________________________.

  13. Learning Scale 4 – I can tell you about all of the different Chinese dynasties and give a full, accurate comparison of them to other dynasties in history. 3 – I can tell you about all of the different Chinese dynasties but I’m not sure what other empires they compare to. 2 – I can remember the names of all of the Chinese dynasties, but I don’t remember enough to compare them to other empires. 1 – I don’t know what a dynasty is or what they have to do with China.

  14. Section 3: The Mongols ( 1201 AD – 1386 AD)

  15. Learning Goal Students will be able to identify who Genghis Khan was and his importance to Mongol history, explain the reasons for the Mongols amazing military success, and draw their own conclusions about Mongol society.

  16. Temujin (AKA Genghis Khan) • The Mongols are one of many tribes that lived as nomads in the plains north of China since ancient times. Were herders and moved constantly to find grazing land for their herds. • In 1206 AD, these many tribes were organized under one leader, Temujin. He becomes known as Genghis Khan (Great King). Khan believes that he has been born with the destiny to rule the entire world and he builds a massive army to accomplish that task. • The Mongol army is unlike any other army in the medieval world. The strategies, organization, and training they demonstrate in hundreds of years ahead of their time.

  17. Temujin (AKA Genghis Khan) • Strategy: • The Mongols use strategies that are unheard in medieval armies. They practice surprise attacks and ambushes that would have been seen as cowardly by European chivalry. • They practice psychological warfare through the use of tricks, illusions, and fear tactics. • Organization: • Mongols armies were assembled by units of 10, 100, 1000, etc. Each unit would have a unit commander who answered to a higher up unit commander; similar to modern militaries. • Units could communicate with each other on the battlefield through a complex series of flags that held different meanings.

  18. Temujin (AKA Genghis Khan) • Training • Because of their nomadic lifestyle, most Mongols were excellent horse riders and archers by the age of 11 • Trained to ride with 3 extra horses in tow. Trained in how to sleep in the saddle, change horses and use the bathroom without stopping riding. • Allowed Mongols to cover 50-100 miles a day on the march.

  19. The mongol empire • Under Genghis the Mongols began to expand and conquer neighboring tribes and began an invasion of Song China. • After Genghis’ death in 1227, his sons and nephews continue his conquests. • 1230’s – Conquer Persia • 1240’s - Conquer the Rus and Eastern Europe • 1258 – Capture Baghdad and destroy the Islamic Caliphate • 1279 – Defeat the Song army and conquer China • By 1300, the Mongols control the most land of any people in history. Their land is divided into 4 territories, called Khanates, ruled by a trusted general or family member.

  20. The mongol empire • Over the next 100 years Genghis’ family tried to continue the expansion by attempting to invade Japan, Vietnam, Egypt, and the rest of Europe. • Mongol battle tactics did work as successfully in mountainous or desert terrain and their advance was stopped. • Over the next 100 years, the Mongols continued to rule through khanates. Eventually, because of corruption, complacency, and due to sheer size, the individual khanates fall apart and by 1400 the Mongol Empire has mostly disintegrated.

  21. Summary: Essential Question • Who was Genghis Khan and what was his importance to Mongol history? • Genghis Khan was ______________________ and was important to Mongol history because _____________________.

  22. Summary: Essential Question • Why were the Mongols so successful militarily? • The Mongols were so successful militarily because _________________________________. • Elaboration • Evidence • 1. • 2. • 3.

  23. Learning Scale 4 – I can tell you the entire story of the Mongols and explain exactly why they were successful. I have my own informed opinion about the society. 3 – I can tell you the entire story of the Mongols and explain exactly why they were successful. I don’t have any real opinion about their society though 2 – I can tell you the story of the Mongols, but I don’t know why they were able to be so successful. 1 – I don’t know the story of the Mongols at all, or why they were successful.

  24. Section 3: Feudal Japan (100 BC – 1400’s AD)

  25. Learning Goal Students will be able to recall the political and cultural achievements of feudal Japan and explain how the Japanese developed a feudal government.

  26. Japanese politics • The islands of Japan were settled by people from China around 100 BC. Brought Chinese language and culture, but as an island Japan was isolated and their culture changed and became unique. • Japan is very mountainous and has very little good farmland. Makes land very valuable and power in Japan was based on land ownership. The land was owned by extended families called clans, led by local lords called daimyos. • 800 AD - The largest clan, the Yamamotos, built a capital at the city of Edo and declared themselves as the rulers of all Japan. • Head of the Yamamoto clan,ShotokuTaishi, declared himself emperor and claimed to be a living god. Sent advisors to observe the Tang dynasty in China in order to copy their system of government.

  27. Japanese politics • Not all clans recognized the power of the Yamamoto emperor. Refused to pay taxes or answer to the emperor. Each clan begin raising their own armies of warriors, called samurai, to defend their land and people. By 1200, Japan was in almost constant civil war between clans. • 1192 – Daimyo Minamoto Yoritomo defeats several other clans and becomes the largest daimyo. He sets up a military feudal government called a shogunate. The emperor remains, but control of the government runs through a military warlord called a shogun. • Creates a feudal government similar to Europe. Like in Europe, the local daimyo have most real power. • This feudal shogunate lasts until the arrival of Americans and Europeans in the 1600’s.

  28. Japanese culture • Isolation: • Most of Japanese culture was based around farm life and service to the local daimyos. Because of Japan’s isolation, trade was not common, especially with outsiders. Merchants were looked down on and foreign visitors were not welcome. • After attempted Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281, the Japanese government restricted travel in and out of Japan. • Role of Women • Women were not legally equal, but were treated as important in society. • Were allowed to get education equal to their husbands. • Writing and the arts was seen as “gossip” and beneath men, so most writers were women. Entertainers, painters were mainly women as well. • Famous books from this time: “Tale of Genji”, “The Pillow Book”

  29. Japanese culture • Religion • Shinto – native religion of Japan. Worships spirts called kami, that live in the land and rivers. • Also worship spirits of ancestors who look over them • Zen Buddhism – branch of Buddhism brought over from China in 500 AD. • Teaches self-discipline and the attainment of peace and enlightenment through meditation. Became the basis for bushido, the code of behavior that samurai were required to live by. • Bushido taught samurai to master themselves and their craft, and to strive for total perfection. Bushido required the samurai to swear total loyalty to their master and their clan. If they were defeated or disgraced, they were required to take their own life.

  30. Summary: Essential Question • What were the political and cultural achievements of feudal Japan? • The cultural and political achievements of feudal Japan were _________________________________.

  31. Summary: Essential Question • How did the Japanese develop a feudal government? • The Japanese develop a feudal government by _________________________________. • Elaboration • Evidence • 1. • 2. • 3.

  32. Learning Scale 4 – I can tell you about Japanese feudal history, explain why they created feudalism, and how feudalism works. 3 – I can tell you about Japanese feudal history, explain why they created feudalism, but I’m not exactly sure how feudalism works. 2 – I can tell you about Japanese feudal history, but I do not understand feudalism in any way. 1 – I can’t tell you a single thing about Japanese history and I have no idea what feudalism is.

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