The Medieval Era World History II

1. The Medieval Era World History II

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

3. Europe in the 6c

4. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

5. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

6. A Medieval Monk’s Day

7. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

8. Illuminated Manuscripts

9. Romanesque Architectural Style • Rounded Arches. • Barrel vaults. • Thick walls. • Darker, simplistic interiors. • Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

10. Early Middle Ages • Decline of Roman Empire • Rise of Northern Europe • New forms of government • Heavy “Romanization” (religion, language, laws, architecture, government) • Latin- “medium aevum” means “middle age” and is source of English word “medieval”

11. Early Middle Ages • Dark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans) • Rise of influence of barbarians as Roman Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new rulers

12. Barbarian Invasions

13. Merovingians • Merovingian is derived from the leader of the tribe of Franks • First dynasty after the Romans and ruled for 300 years • Leader in 481 CE was Clovis I- he united Frankish tribes and expanded territory • His conversion to Christianity won him support from the Church • Clovis I wrote Salic Law - assigned a specific financial value to everyone and everything; concept of trial options (trial by oath and trial by ordeal) • Merovingian's founded and built many monasteries, churches and palaces and spread Christianity throughout Western Europe • IMPACT = Eventually dynasty declined as kings relaxed power and became more like figure heads whereas the real power lay with the powerful officials and leading aristocracy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEcQ_Kzxgfg

14. Frankish Empire

15. Carolingians • Rise of aristocratic Charles Martel who dominated Frankish kingdom in 8th century • He confiscated land given to Church and began Church reforms that would restore spirituality to clerical life • His son Pepin the Short continued Church reforms and eventually with the support of reformed Church, removed last Merovingian king from throne • Established the Carolingian dynasty, named to protect thepapacy and establish the popeand bishops are the makers of kings • Greatest legacy was Charles the Great, or Charlemagne

16. Holy Roman Empire and Charlemagne Charlemagne (Charles the Great) who was a military general and restored Pope Leo III who had been exiled In return, Leo placed a crown on Charlemagne and named him the “Emperor of the Romans” which secured the relationship between Frankish kings and the papacy Charlemagne became the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, a dynasty that would last for more than 700 years Charlemagne- imposed order on empire through the Church and state Ordered the standardization of Latin, textbooks, manuals for preaching, schools for clergy and people, new form of handwriting All these promoted education and scholars and produced a precise written language (Latin)

17. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

18. Charlemagne’s Empire 814 A.D.

19. Charlemagne’s Empire

20. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

21. The Carolingian Renaissance

22. Carolingian Miniscule http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGkUNK8kmDw

23. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843

24. Vikings give rise to Feudalism • The Vikings came from three countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The name 'Viking' comes from a language called 'Old Norse' and means 'a pirate raid'. People who went off raiding in ships were said to be 'going Viking'. • The Viking age in European history was about AD 700 to 1100. During this period many Vikings left Scandinavia and travelled to other countries, such as Britain and Ireland. Some went to fight and steal treasure. Others settled in new lands as farmers, craftsmen or traders.

25. Viking Routes

26. Vikings ContinuedSleek fast ships and lack of regard for people enabled the Vikings to terrorize Europe. Typical targets were monestaries and villages. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fc83VvUeE8

27. Feudalism • Increasing violence and lawless countryside • Weak turn to the strong for protection, strong want something from the weak • Feudalism= relationship between those ranked in a chain of association (kings, vassals, lords, knights, serfs) • Feudalism worked because of the notion of mutual obligation, or voluntary co-operation from serf to noble • A man’s word was the cornerstone of social life Key terms • Fief = land given by a lord in return for a vassal’s military service and oath of loyalty • Serfs= aka villeins or common peasants who worked the lords land • Tithe = tax that serfs paid (tax or rent) • Corvee= condition of unpaid labour by serfs (maintaining roads or ditches on a manor)

28. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

29. Feudalism Breakdown

31. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

32. Parts of a Medieval Castle

33. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

34. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

35. The Medieval Manor

36. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

37. The Rise of European Monarchies England

38. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQ8A5gRe_Dw&feature=related

39. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

40. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

41. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • Runnymeade • “Great Charter” • monarchs were not above the law. • kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily.

42. The Beginnings of the British Parliament • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords  nobles & clergy. • House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

43. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

44. Gothic Architectural Style • Pointed arches. • High, narrow vaults. • Thinner walls. • Flying buttresses. • Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. • Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

45. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

46. Setting Out on Crusade

47. Christian Crusades: East and West

48. Medieval Universities

49. Oxford University

50. Late Medieval Town Dwellings