Exceeding Default Levels in an EU Carbon Border Adjustment System 14.5.24

1. Exceeding Default Levels in an EU Carbon Border Adjustment System As a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in Agile Advisors, the economic rationale of carbon pricing, predicated on charging polluters based on their absolute carbon intensities, is at odds with a CBAM design exclusively based on a default intensity. Two adverse economic effects exist. First, compared to their high-carbon competitors, comparatively clean producers are overpriced. Secondly, it offers no inducements for abatement; a foreign firm may only lower its carbon expenses by decreasing its sales to the EU. This implies that the main advantages of carbon pricing are lost in a way that benefits businesses with significant carbon emissions. Companies exporting to the EU can show their actual carbon intensity is lower than the default figure by using an IAM as part of the CBAM design. In turn, efficient abatement incentives are partially restored, and relatively clean manufacturers are no longer disadvantaged. Agile Advisors provide Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, it is conceivable to modify a CBAM design with an IAM to account for the growing usage of carbon pricing outside the EU and the potential continuation of free allocation for EU companies. We propose that the worries regarding contractual "resource shuffling" for industrial sectors under an IAM would be considerably smaller than those regarding California's border adjustment on energy imports. An IAM increases the likelihood that a CBAM would be deemed compliant with WTO anti-discrimination regulations. Offering international producers, the opportunity to adhere to the same emissions monitoring, verification, and reporting (MRV) procedure that domestic producers follow under the EU ETS helps ensure better symmetry in handling domestic and foreign goods. Verification could be permitted by organizations identified in the nation where imported goods are made to lessen the load on importers. In our role as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in Agile Advisors, the IAM also raises the possibility that the measure can be justified by using the general exceptions outlined in the GATT since it boosts the environmental effectiveness of the CBAM by giving foreign producers a more significant incentive to reduce their carbon intensity. This is supported by prior case law, such as a GATT panel ruling that upheld

2. the structure of a border tax adjustment imposed by the US. In a different instance, the WTO Appellate Body found that it was discriminatory to apply a statutory or default baseline for foreign gasoline importers and that importers should also be subject to the same individual baseline assessments as local refiners. Finally, the voluntary character of the IAM reduces the possibility that the CBAM will be interpreted by general international law as a breach of the affected trading partners' sovereignty, as it eliminates the need for the EU to get emissions data from foreign firms. We are a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, In the United States - Superfund case, a GATT panel upheld a border tax adjustment that the US imposed on some imported materials made from feedstock chemicals that were subject to a domestic excise tax under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). If importers failed to provide the data needed to calculate the quantity of feedstock chemicals, the US was permitted to adopt a default, or baseline, rate that matched the US's most common production technique. The panel concluded that the individual determination and reliance on a default rate demonstrated the equivalency of the domestic excise tax and the border measure about imports. A general clause establishing the CBAM can make an IAM operative; technical details are left to delegated acts approved by the European Commission. If importers wanted to use the IAM, they would need to provide documentation of the actual emissions that came from the production of the imported goods. To help you as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, the procedure's rules ideally mirror those that apply to similar local goods to save overseas producers from undue hardship. A certified third party verifies reported emissions independently, and guidance documents outlining specific emission measurement and calculation methodologies for various activities are the foundation of an annual compliance cycle under the EU ETS that includes the pertinent modalities. A monitoring plan for each installation generating the imported goods and an emissions certificate using the same calculation techniques as their EU counterparts could be required of importers who exercise the IAM. Similarly, importers may be obliged to secure independent verification from a recognized verifier to guarantee the accuracy of reported data.