introduction to pediatric nursing

2. CHILD HEALTH NURSING

3. General Objective: • By the end of this lecture, the student will be able to discuss perspectives in the nursing care of children.

4. At the end of this session , the student will be able to: 1.Define what pediatric nursing ?. 2.Mention the historical background of pediatric nursing and its development. 3.Enumerate scopes (setting ) of pediatric nurses' practices. 4.List the qualities characterizing a good pediatric nurse. 5.Identify the role of pediatric nurse. • Mention the family center care approach. • Explain the expected competencies of the pediatric nurse .

5. " the art and science of giving nursing care to children from birth through adolescent with emphasis on the physical growth, mental, emotional and psycho-social development".

6. 1. Early primitive people were nomads, where they were moving constantly to search for food and safety . • Children had to receive a minimum physical care to live, and sick or malformed infants were either killed or left behind to die. • 2. In Egypt, as early as 1500 BC, children received treatment, which differed from that given to adults. • Egyptian children were cared for by dressing infants in loose clothes and breast-feeding was encouraged.

7. 3. The emphasis of pediatric nursing, fifty years ago, was focus on the care of the ill children either in the hospital or physician's office. • Today, dramatic changes in the care of children occurred, where the emphasis has broadened to include prevention of illness and accidents; the holistic health care; and the nursing care of children within their family constellation.

8. Nurses have the responsibility in providing nursing interventions either in ambulatory or institutional settings. • Ambulatory setting • Institutional settings • Mainly hospitals (general or specialized hospitals) where care is provided to sick children and their parents.

9. The good pediatric nurse must be: 1. Good observer. 2. Honest and truthful. 3. Sympathetic, kind, patient and cheerful. 4. Love to work with children. 5. Interested in family care. . 6. Able to provide teaching to children and their families.

10. 1-Direct nursing care • 2-Patient education • 3-Patient advocacy • 4- Case management • 5- Research

11. The society of pediatric nurses has identified some standards for general pediatric nurse

12. Standards of care for the pediatric nurse include • Collection of comprehensive data pertinent to the pt`s health or the situation • Analysis of the assessment data to determine diagnosis or health care issues • Identification of expected outcomes for a plan of care individualized to the child , family and situation • Development of a plan of care that prescribed strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes • Implantation of the identified plan of care • Evaluation of progress toward attainment of outcomes

13. Standards of performance for the pediatric nurse include: • Systematic enhancement of the quality and effectiveness of nursing care. • Evaluation of own nursing practice in relation to professional practices standards and guidelines, relevant statutes , rules and regulations • Attainment of knowledge and competency that reflect current nursing practice • Collaboration with the child, family and others in the conduct of nursing practice • Integration of ethical consideration and processes in all areas of practice • Integration of research findings into practice • Provision of leadership in the professional practice setting and the profession.

15. Assessing patient health status (physical and emotional health) accurately. •  The child and family members must be included in the assessment. •  Interviewing parents involves more than just fact gathering; this initial contact establishes the nature of future contacts and begins development of a trusting relationship with the nurse. •  Begin the interview with an introduction; explain the nurse’s role and the purpose of the interview to establish a clear nurse to child/parent relationship. •  Treat the child/adolescent and parent as partners equal

16. Identifying wellness, actual and potential individualized child/family needs and problems in order to accomplish mutual goals. • The accuracy of the diagnosis is depends on the comprehensiveness of the available data base. • Nursing care of infants and children is consistent with the definition of nursing as ―the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems‖.

17. After nursing diagnosis has been established, the paediatric nurse collaborates with the patient to establish mutual patient-center goal. • Essential steps of planning phase are prioritizing the nursing diagnosis and selecting nursing intervention that will be help the patient to achieve the goals.

18. This is the stage of put the plan into action (goal directed care) • The nurse initiates and completes the intervention designed to help patient to achieve the goals and demonstrate the specified outcome criteria

19. This stage involves reassessing child status to determine the progress toward the goals. •  To evaluate the progress and the effect of nursing intervention, the nurse should compare the current status, abilities and knowledge with the previous assessment.