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The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages 1066-1485 Norman Invasion Battle of Hastings Duke William of Normandy, William the Conqueror defeats King Harold of England Start of the Medieval Period Norman Influence Emphasis on law and order Cultural unity Inventory of land Doomsday Book

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The Middle Ages

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  1. The Middle Ages 1066-1485

  2. Norman Invasion • Battle of Hastings • Duke William of Normandy, William the Conqueror defeats King Harold of England • Start of the Medieval Period

  3. Norman Influence • Emphasis on law and order • Cultural unity • Inventory of land • Doomsday Book • Taxes based on what people owned

  4. William the Conqueror • Provided order • Merciless soldier • Efficient ruler and administrator • Able to conquer entire country • Ruled for twenty-one years

  5. History of the Normans • The Normans • Descended from the Vikings • Seized and remained in northwestern France (Normandy) • Adopted many French customs

  6. THE NORMAN CONQUEST • The Fusing of the Norman and Anglo-Saxon Cultures • Neither dominant • Anglo-Saxons adapted to the Norman ways • Realized they could raise their place in society through the Church or through the court • Began to mingle with the Norman overlords

  7. THE NORMAN CONQUEST • Thomas Becket • Henry II’s Lord Chancellor • Archbishop of Canterbury • Defended the claims of the Church against the interests of the King • Murdered by several of Henry’s knights • Became a saint of the Church and a hero of the people

  8. LAND & THE FEUDAL SYSTEM • William took land of fallen English -had a great deal of land at his disposal • Retained much for himself • Divided rest to his followers • Felt he was free to deed land due to conquest (royal charter) • Expected obedience and service in return • Introduced into England the feudal system

  9. LAND & THE FEUDAL SYSTEM • The Doomesday (Doomsday) Book • 1086 by William • Disputes over vague property lines • Complete inventory of all property • Listed all landowners and showed the extent of their claims • Taxes could now be based on real property • Previously, there had been a uniformed tax for all

  10. The Medieval Church • 11th-15th Century people of Western Europe belonged to one society with common beliefs and culture • Latin became the language of educated people • Everyone was responsible to the church, regardless of standing or where they resided • Main force in preserving and conveying the culture

  11. Medieval Life • Knights • Important and respected position • Chivalry • Code of conduct • First obligation to defend the king and Christian faith • Also treatment of women and help others- how to “behave” • Courtly love

  12. Medieval Life • People move to towns and cities • Began a merchant class • Focus on herding not farming • Gave the people actual wages • Formed the guilds • System of workers regulating wages and prices • Fair to all in the profession • Created and extended family • Stonecutters, masons, carpenters, glass blowers

  13. MEDIEVAL LIFE • Life in the Middle Ages was difficult and challenging • The difficulty of life was balanced with religious festivals, magnificent tournaments, and brilliant pageantry

  14. English Law • William the Conqueror instituted written public documents for most government actions • Common Law • Refers to law common to the whole country and all its people, instead of laws applying only to certain classes of persons

  15. ENGLISH LAW • Ordeals • Innocence or guilt was settled by tasks • In 1215, Pope Innocent III declared that the ordeal system was irrational • Jury system

  16. The Crusades • 1095-1270 • Series of holy wars waged by European Christians against the Muslims • Pope Urban II began Crusades • Goal was to conquer Jerusalem

  17. The Hundred Years’ War • 1337-1453 • First national war waged by England against France • Claims to the throne: Edward III and Henry V • Focus away from the knight and on the yeoman • Small land owner • Yard-long arrows

  18. The Black Death • 1348-1349 • Contagious - spread by fleas • Reduced population by a third • Shortage of labor • Gave lower classes more power against their overlords • Serfs gained freedom and ended Feudalism

  19. MEDIEVAL LITERATURE • Romance • Tales of chivalry with a love interest and all sorts of wonders and marvels • Fairy enchantments • Giants • Dragons • Wizards • Sorceresses

  20. MEDIEVAL LITERATUREThree Principal Sources • Britain • King Arthur and his knights • Based on Celtic folklore • Almost no historical basis • Illustrate chivalric ideals of honor, courage, courtesy, and service to women

  21. MEDIEVAL LITERATUREThree Principal Sources • France • The Court of Charlemagne

  22. MEDIEVAL LITERATUREThree Principal Sources • Rome • Classical stories such as the conquest of Troy

  23. FOLK POETRY AND DRAMA • Drama • Originated in Middle Ages • Miracle Plays • Performed by guilds during holidays celebrating religious festivals • Rough dramatizations of Biblical stories

  24. FOLK POETRY AND DRAMA • Drama (cont.) • Morality Plays • Took the place of miracle plays toward the end of the Middle Ages, during the dark and troubled times of the 15th century • Elaborate dramatic allegories in which characters representing various virtues and vices confronted one another • Most famous was Everyman

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