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CUBA national experience

CUBA national experience. Synergies and cooperation with other conventions 2003. Cuba and Environmental Conventions. Signed Ratified Climate change 1992 1994 Biological diversity 1992 1994 Desertification 1994 1997. Cuban National Reports. Climate Change: Gas emissions

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CUBA national experience

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  1. CUBA national experience Synergies and cooperation with other conventions 2003

  2. Cuba and Environmental Conventions Signed Ratified Climate change 1992 1994 Biological diversity 1992 1994 Desertification 1994 1997

  3. Cuban National Reports Climate Change: • Gas emissions • Study on vulnerability and adaptation Biological Diversity: • National Communication • National Strategy Desertification: • Action Plan • Reports I and II on implementation

  4. Cuban focal points • Political and technical focal points at: Ministry for Science, Technology and Environment. • National Working Groups Various stakeholders: Ministries, industrial sector, R&D centers, Universities, local representatives, others. • Committee on Environment: Overviews actions on international environmental agreements.

  5. CUBAN ARCHIPELAGO • Highest elevation (m) 1974 • Longest river (km) Cauto 370 • Relative Humidity (%) 81 • Mean temperature (ºC) 25 • Population (millions) 11.18 inhabitants • Surface in km2 110 860 • Island of Cuba 104 945 • Island of Youth 2 200 • keys 3 715 • Length of the coasts km: South North • Island of Cuba: 3209 2537 • Island of Youth: 229 98

  6. Principal Environmental Problems (National Environmental Strategy 1997) • Soils Degradation (erosion, bad drainage, salinity, among others) • Deterioration of sanitation and environmental condition in human settlements • Pollution of terrestrial and coastal waters • Deforestation • Loss of biodiversity

  7. FOREST RESOURCES 21,9 % NATIONAL TERRITORY Among the 652hydrographic basins Forest Patrimony: Potential forest area: 28%approximately 22% Present area:

  8. BIODIVERSITY Vascular plants 6 500 species 3 409 endemic plants (52,4%) 2% extinct Fauna • endemic: 93,4 % amphibians • 75,2% reptiles • 39,5% mammalians • 6,28% birds 16 000 species

  9. MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES • MANGROVE: 5325 km2 • (4,8% national territory) • CORAL REEF: 3 400km • BEACH: 600 km • (10% of the coast length) COASTAL AREA: 6 200 km2 3% reefs Affected 30% mangrove 90% with some degree of erosion

  10. Holguín Guantánamo Pinar del Río Granma Santiago de Cuba • 80% of productive soils presented different grade of affectations as: erosion, salinity, drainage, among others SOILS 1959 Affected by conditions limiting productivity 76,8 % Affected by one or various factors: 5 millions ha Provinces with less productive soils:

  11. CUBA Drinking water and sanitation coverage (1959) The total volume of surface water storage in reservoirs was 48 millions of cubic meters.

  12. CUBA Drinking water and sanitation coverage (2000) Surface water in Cuban reservoirs: 9 600 millions of cubic meters. Drinking water

  13. AGUA POTABLE Sanitation

  14. National Environmental Strategy, 1997 • Law 81 of Environment, 1997 • Cross Sectors Strategies (OACE), 1997-98 • Territorial Strategies,1997-98 POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

  15. Principal Goals to Achieve • Integral environmental management (hydrographical basins, mountains and coastal areas) • Cleaner production, recycling and reuse • Reduction of pollution (aquatic ecosystems) • Enterprise management (environmental acknowledgement and economic regulations) • Natural resources protection and biodiversity access and management • Introduction of environmental education at all levels

  16. Selected hydrographical basins contain an area of 15000 km2 40% of the Cuban population 60% Social and economic activities of the country

  17. A sample of synergy: hydrographical basins program • This program integrates efforts on: soil degradation, deforestation, wastes and pollution, water management, biodiversity and protective areas, natural events and natural disasters, climate studies, health and education, employment and other social factors at community level.

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