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Water Quality

Water Quality. How is This System Different From a Pond. No Sun. You Must. Control Everything. Critical Environmental Parameters. Concentrations Of: Dissolved Oxygen Un-ionized Ammonia-nitrogen Nitrite-nitrogen Temperature. Other Important Environmental Considerations .

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Water Quality

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  1. Water Quality

  2. How is This System Different From a Pond No Sun

  3. You Must Control Everything

  4. Critical Environmental Parameters • Concentrations Of: • Dissolved Oxygen • Un-ionized Ammonia-nitrogen • Nitrite-nitrogen • Temperature

  5. Other Important Environmental Considerations • Nitrate Concentrations • pH • Alkalinity levels • Carbon dioxide • Chlorides

  6. Dissolved OxygenWhy Is It Important • Fish Respiration • Bacteria Respiration • Waste Oxidation

  7. How Much Oxygen DoYou Need? 4 ppm

  8. How Do We Maintain Dissolved Oxygen Levels • Aeration • Air Stones • Mechanical • Other • Pure Oxygen Gas • Liquid Oxygen • Oxygen Generators

  9. Airstones Fine Bubble Medium Bubble

  10. Downflow Bubble Contactor

  11. Vertical Pump Aerator

  12. What if Oxygen Levels Too Low ? Fish Die • Fish Stress • Bacteria Go Anaerobic • CO2 and Ammonia levels become more critical

  13. pH - What Is It ?

  14. What Happens to pH In The Tank • Tends to Fall • Effects Toxic Ammonia Levels • Tied to Alkalintiy

  15. pH - What Should It Be In Your Tank

  16. How Do You Maintain Proper pH ? • Maintain Correct Alkalinity • Water Changes

  17. Pay Attention Or You Could Get In Trouble

  18. AmmoniaWhere Does It Come From?

  19. Ammonia Exists in 2 Forms • NH3 - Which is Toxic • NH4+ - Which is relatively non-toxic • The balance of these two compounds depends on the temperature and pH of the tank water

  20. NH3 <-> NH4+Equilibrium

  21. NH3 <-> NH4+ Shift

  22. Ammonia ConvertedTo Nitrite (Still Toxic)

  23. Nitrite Conversion to Nitrate

  24. How Can You TellIf Your Filter Is Working ? Watch Ammonia and Nitrite Levels

  25. What About Nitrates? • Non toxic up to 300ppm • Generally not a problem if water is changed regularly • Some is converted to nitrogen gas

  26. Temperature • Different fish prefer different temperatures • A 10 degree rise in temp doubles the metabolism of warm water fish - everything speeds up • Remember affect on ammonia

  27. Alkalinity - What Is It ? • Measure of the total bases in water • Buffering Capacity • Ability of water to resist change • Main bases in water are carbonate and bi-carbonate

  28. AlkalinityWhere Does It Come From • Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3 - Limestone • Sodium Bicarbonate - Baking Soda

  29. AlkalinityWhat Is It Used For ? • Buffering Capacity • Carbon is used bacteria during growth • Tends to decrease over time as it is incorporated into new bacteria

  30. AlkalinityWhat Is A Good Level • 50 -250 ppm • Can be increased by adding sodium bicarbonate • rate of 10% of feed weight daily or as needed determined by testing • Alkalinity is tied to pH • Helps the system remain stable and controls pH drop

  31. Carbon Dioxide • Can build up in closed systems • Fish can take up to 60 ppm if there is adequate oxygen • Not usually a problem is system is aerated and has regular partial water exchanges

  32. Chlorides • Important in helping fish be resistant to nitrite toxicity • Chloride levels should be at least 6x the nitrite levels • Can increase chlorides if necessary by adding NON-Iodized Salt at a rate 1 tablespoon per 10-20 gallons

  33. Water Quality For Best Growth

  34. Recap • Pay Attention • Be Observant • Watch Do Levels • Check Ammonia, pH, and Nitrite Regularly • Don’t Overfeed HAVE FUN

  35. Now It's Your Turn

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