1 / 21

Seasonal Influences on Human Physical and Mental Performance

Seasonal Influences on Human Physical and Mental Performance. Glenn Booker BMES 531 June 7, 2007. SAD Definition. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a recurrent major depression which generally results in lethargy and depression symptoms during the Fall and Winter seasons

Anita
Download Presentation

Seasonal Influences on Human Physical and Mental Performance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Seasonal Influences on Human Physical and Mental Performance Glenn Booker BMES 531 June 7, 2007

  2. SAD Definition • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a recurrent major depression which generally results in lethargy and depression symptoms during the Fall and Winter seasons • Measure with Global Seasonality Score (GSS) from the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). (Rosenthal, 1987) • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (APA, 2000) Glenn Booker

  3. SAD Definition • Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD) (Williams, 1988) • WHO “ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders” (WHO, 1992) • SAD epidemiology favors age (young), gender (female), and latitude (far from equator), but not race or ethnicity (Sher, 2001; Boehnert, 2003; Magnusson, 2000; Eagles, 2003) Glenn Booker

  4. SAD Mechanisms • Phase Shift Hypothesis (Lewy, 1989) • Phase delay in body • Melatonin Dysregulation (Malhotra, 2004; Arnedt, 2003; Lam, 2000; Wehr, 2001) • Secretion is longer than normal in winter • Serotonin Deficiency (Sher, 2001) • L-tryptophan is a precursor of serotonin • Genetic Abnormalities (Sher, 2004; Ebisawa, 2007) • Based on epidemiology studies; serotonin transporter or clock gene defects Glenn Booker

  5. Comorbidity • SAD also frequently found with • Bulimia nervosa (Levitan, 2004; Eagles, 2003) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Portella, 2006) • Alcoholism (Sher, 2004) • Increased odor sensitivity (Postolache, 2002) • No diurnal preference (morningness vs eveningness) (Natale, 2005; Bernert, 2005) Glenn Booker

  6. SAD Treatment • Light therapy (Wirz-Justice, 2005; Golden, 2005) • 2500 to 10,000 lux white light for 15-30 min • Wake therapy? Controlled sleep deprivation • SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft) do as well as light (Blumberger, 2005) • Dawn Simulators or Negative Ions (Terman, 2006) Glenn Booker

  7. Reduce SAD Symptoms • Vitamin D improves mood (Vieth, 2004) • Self-esteem and social support reduce symptoms’ severity (McCarthy, 2002) • Good weather and being outside (Keller, 2004) • Measured time spent outdoors, outside temperature, and barometric pressure Glenn Booker

  8. Distill Information • Take all the previous information, and turn it into two checklists • One for background information which isn’t likely to change often; call it the Personal History Form • One for information which may change frequently (location, weather, etc.) and call it the Recent Habits Survey Glenn Booker

  9. What is your gender? What is your birthday? Calculate age Have you reached puberty yet? If you don’t know, say no. Have you completed menopause? Have you ever been diagnosed with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)? Have you ever been diagnosed with bulimia? Personal History Form Glenn Booker

  10. Have you ever been diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (severe PMS)? Have you ever been diagnosed as an alcoholic? Are you more sensitive to odors than others? Do you have a twin?If yes, do they have SAD? Does anyone in your immediate family (other than your twin, if you have one) have seasonal affective disorder? Personal History Form Glenn Booker

  11. What is your location? Use to get latitude, altitude, and weather What is today’s date? Or get automatically What vitamin supplements are you taking? Do you feel good about yourself today? Do you have friends you can talk to easily? How much time per day have you spent outdoors during the daytime? Recent Habits Survey Glenn Booker

  12. Analysis • From the Personal History Form and Recent Habits Survey, calculate risk values from each answer • Typically, “yes” means a risk value of 1, and “no” means a risk value of 0 • Add up the risk values for each form • Possible range for the Personal History Form is -1 to +8 ½, whereas for the Recent Habits Survey the possible range is -2 to +4 Glenn Booker

  13. Conclusion • The total risk value for the Personal History Form and Recent Habits Survey help quantify the risk of having SAD, and the likely severity of symptoms if it occurs • Can also help identify client actions to reduce symptoms, and point to effective treatments Glenn Booker

  14. References • (APA, 2000) American Psychiatric Association. (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IVTR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. • (Arendt, 2003) J. Arendt (2003) Importance and Relevance of Melatonin to Human Biological Rhythms. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 15, 427–431. • (Barinaga, 2002) Marcia Barinaga (8 Feb 2002) Circadian Clock: How the Brain's Clock Gets Daily Enlightenment. Science Vol. 295. no. 5557, pp. 955–957. • (Bernert, 2005) Rebecca A. Bernert (2005) A Circadian Vulnerability For Depression: Eveningness And Sleep Variability. Master’s thesis for Florida State University. • (Bhatia, 2007) Subhash C. Bhatia, Shashi K. Bhatia. Diagnosis and Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Downloaded on 6/5/2007 from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20021001/1239.html. Glenn Booker

  15. References • (Bierman, 2005) Andrew Bierman, Terence R Klein and Mark S Rea (2005) The Daysimeter: a device for measuring optical radiation as a stimulus for the human circadian system. Meas. Sci. Technol. (16) 2292–2299. • (Blumberger, 2005) Daniel M. Blumberger, M.D., and Anthony J. Levitt (Oct 2005) The Light-er Side of Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder. Psychiatric Times Vol. 22 Issue 11. • (Boehnert, 2003) Caryl E. Boehnert, Robert A. Alberts (Jan 2003) Seasonal Affective Disorder in Women How to identify and treat. Women’s Health in Primary Care. Vol. 6, No. 1. • (Eagles, 2003) John M. Eagles (2003) Seasonal affective disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 182, 174-176. • (Ebisawa, 2007) Takashi Ebisawa (2007) Circadian Rhythms in the CNS and Peripheral Clock Disorders: Human Sleep Disorders and Clock Genes. JPharmacol Sci 103, 150 – 154. Glenn Booker

  16. References • (Golden, 2005) Robert N. Golden, Bradley N. Gaynes, R. David Ekstrom, Robert M. Hamer, Frederick M. Jacobsen, Trisha Suppes, Katherine L. Wisner, Charles B. Nemeroff, (2005) The Efficacy of Light Therapy in the Treatment of Mood Disorders: A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Evidence. Am J Psychiatry; 162, 656–662. • (Horne, 1976) Horne, J.A., & Östberg, O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness. International Journal of Chronobiology, 4, 97-110. • (Keller, 2004) Matthew C. Keller, Barbara L. Fredrickson, Oscar Ybarra, Stephane Cote, Kareem Johnson, Joe Mikels, Anne Conway, Tor Wager (2004) A Warm Heart and a Clear Head The Contingent Effects of Weather on Mood and Cognition. Psychological Science (16) 9, 724-731. • (Lam, 2000) Raymond W. Lam, Robert D. Levitan (2000) Pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder: a review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 25(5) 469-80. Glenn Booker

  17. References • (Levitan, 2004) Robert D. Levitan, Mario Masellis, Vincenzo S. Basile, Raymond W. Lam, Allan S. Kaplan, Caroline Davis, Pierandrea Muglia, Bronwyn Mackenzie, Subi Tharmalingam, Sidney H. Kennedy, Fabio Macciardi, James L. Kennedy (2004) The Dopamine-4 Receptor Gene Associated with Binge Eating and Weight Gain in Women with Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Evolutionary Perspective. Biol Psychiatry 56:665–669. • (Lewy, 1989) Lewy, A.J., Sack, R.L., Singer, C.M., White, D.M., Hoban, T.M., 1989. Winter depression and the phase-shift hypothesis for bright light’s therapeutic effects: history theory and experimental evidence. In: Rosenthal, N.E., Blehar, M.C. (Eds.), Seasonal Affective Disorders and phototherapy. Guilford Press, New York, pp. 295–310. • (Lewy, 2006) Alfred J. Lewy, Bryan J. Lefler, Jonathan S. Emens, and Vance K. Bauer.(2006) The circadian basis of winter depression. PNAS; 103; 7414-7419. • (Magnusson, 2000) Magnusson A. (2000) An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 101: 176-184. Glenn Booker

  18. References • (Malhotra, 2004) Samir Malhotra, Girish Sawhney, Promila Pandhi (2004) The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin: A Review of the Science. MedGenMed. 6 (2): 46. • (McCarthy, 2002) E. McCarthy, N. Tarrier, L. Gregg (2002) The nature and timing of seasonal affective symptoms and the influence of self-esteem and social support: a longitudinal prospective study. Psychological Medicine, 32, 1425–1434. • (Murray, 2006) Greg Murray, Erin E. Michalak, Anthony J. Levitt, Robert D. Levitan, Murray W. Enns, Rachel Morehouse, Raymond W. Lam. (2006) O sweet spot where art thou? Light treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder and the circadian time of sleep. Journal of Affective Disorders (90) 227– 231. • (Natale, 2005) Vincenzo Natale, Ana Adan, Paolo Scapellato (2005) Are seasonality of mood and eveningness closely associated? Psychiatry Research (136) 51– 60. Glenn Booker

  19. References • (NINDS, 2007) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS Hypersomnia Information Page, downloaded on 6/3/2007 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/hypersomnia/hypersomnia.htm. • (Portella, 2006) Portella, Amy T. Nguyen; Haaga, David A. F.; Rohan, Kelly J. (Nov 2006) The Association Between Seasonal and Premenstrual Symptoms Is Continuous and Is Not Fully Accounted for by Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease. 194 (11) 833-837. • (Postolache, 2002) Postolache, TT, Wehr, TA, Doty, RL, Sher, L, Turner, EH, Bartko, JJ, Rosenthal, NE. (2002) Patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder have Lower Odor Detection Thresholds than Control Subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry (59) 1119-1122. • (Rosenthal, 1984) Rosenthal, N.E., Sack, D.A., Gillin, C., Lewy, A.J., Goodwin, F.K., Davenport, Y., Mueller, P.S., Newsome, D.A., Wehr, T.A., 1984. Seasonal Affective Disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 41, 72–80. • (Rosenthal, 1987) Rosenthal NE, Bradt GH, Wehr TA. Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Washington, DC: National Institute of Mental Health; 1987. Glenn Booker

  20. References • (Sher, 2001) Leo Sher (2001) Genetic Studies of Seasonal Affective Disorder and Seasonality. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 2 (March/ April): pp 105-110. • (Sher, 2004) Leo Sher (Jan/Feb 2004) Alcoholism and Seasonal Affective Disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 45, No. 1: pp 51-56. • (Terman, 2006) Michael Terman, Jiuan Su Terman (Dec 2006) Controlled Trial of Naturalistic Dawn Simulation and Negative Air Ionization for Seasonal Affective Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 163:2126-2133. • (Tsuno, 2005) Tsuno, N, Besset, A, Ritchie, K (2005) Sleep and Depression. J Clin Psychiatry (66) 1254-1269. • (Vieth, 2004) Reinhold Vieth, Samantha Kimball, Amanda Hu, Paul G Walfish (2004) Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients. Nutrition Journal, 3:8. Glenn Booker

  21. References • (Wehr, 2001) Wehr, TA, Duncan, WC Jr, Sher, L, Aeschbach, D, Schwartz, PJ, Turner, EH, Postolache, TT, Rosenthal, NE (2001) A Circadian Signal of Change of Season in Patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. (58) 1108-1114. • (WHO, 1992) World Health Organization. (1992) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. • (Williams, 1988) Williams, J. B. W., Link, M. J., Rosenthal, N. E. & Terman, M. (1988) Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD) (New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York). • (Winkler, 2005) D. Winkler, S. Kasper. (2005) Seasonal affective disorder: from diagnosis to treatment. Medicographia, Vol 27, No. 3. • (Wirz-Justice, 2005) Anna Wirz-Justice, Francesco Benedetti, Mathias Berger, Raymond W. Lam, Klaus Martiny, Michael Terman, Joseph C. Wu (2005) Chronotherapeutics (light and wake therapy) in affective disorders. Psychological Medicine, 35, 939–944. Glenn Booker

More Related