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DUTCH TRIG ® Preventative treatment of American elms against Dutch elm disease

DUTCH TRIG ® Preventative treatment of American elms against Dutch elm disease. Presentation setup:. Dutch Elm Disease History and Goals Characteristics How does Dutch Trig ® work The injection Re search and re sults. The problem: Dutch elm disease. Himalayan origin (not Dutch .. )

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DUTCH TRIG ® Preventative treatment of American elms against Dutch elm disease

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  1. DUTCH TRIG®Preventative treatment of American elms against Dutch elm disease

  2. Presentation setup: • Dutch Elm Disease • History and Goals • Characteristics • How does Dutch Trig® work • The injection • Research and results

  3. The problem: Dutch elm disease • Himalayan origin (not Dutch..) • Fungal infection, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi • Vascular wilt • Infection from: • Elm bark beetles • Root grafts

  4. History Dutch Trig® • 1980: Biological control using bacteria • 1989: Discovery of Verticillium protectiveeffect • 1991: Development of the Tree injection tool • 1992: Full registration in Europe • 1995: Introduction USA • 1998: Experimental Use Permit • 2005: Fully EPA Registered

  5. The goal • Prevent elms from dying • Reduceamount of chemicals used • Treat large numbers

  6. Basic requirements • Biological Control • Specialized application tool

  7. The vaccine • Verticillium spores in distilled water • Common soil organism • White variant of Verticillium albo-atrum • Produced in the Netherlands

  8. How it works (short version) • Inject Dutch Trig • Spores germinate • Tree reacts • Result: Induced resistance

  9. Where does the vaccine go? Spacing: 4”

  10. When is Dutch Trig® effective • On healthy elms in areas where DED prevails • Injected on a yearly basis, on time application What endangers effectiveness Root grafts with diseased trees Injecting diseased trees

  11. Why inject • Use as little control agent as possible • Closed injection system • Use Bio-agent directly on targeted tree only • Ensure direct uptake by tree • Minimal wounding • Speed of application

  12. When and where to inject • When: At 25% leaf expansion (May 1-10th) • When tree is transpiring • Before beetle infection occurs • Where: At convenient breast height • Every 4 inches circumference

  13. How to inject • Check for DED signs (on tree and in the area) • Push chisel through the bark • Pullthe trigger once • Twist the gun slightly sideways

  14. Dutch TrigTree injector

  15. Efficacy study U. of Wisconsin • Controlled Greenhouse Study • Using ‘Ramets’ • 4 treatment groups: • Water (control) • Dutch Trig • Dutch elm disease • Dutch Trig + Dutch elm disease • 17 different clones • 2 strains of DED • 10 ramets per group

  16. 100% 75% 50% DEDTrace 25% 0% Tracking DED infection response Ramet Cutting X-section

  17. Overall Results

  18. Effect is Resistance dependant

  19. The Hague

  20. Denver

  21. Efficacy in The Netherlands (35.000 elms yearly)

  22. Dutch Trig’s Pathogenicity • Ulmus americana • U. procera • U. hollandica • U. carpinifolia • U. pumila • Malus spp. • Castanea spp. • Prunus serrata • Aesculus hippocastanum • Viburnum spp. • Sorbus aucuparia • Magnolia spp. • Betula papyrifera • Acer saccharum • Quercus rubra • Crataegus monogyna • Acer macrophyllum • Cornus nuttallii • Prunus lusitanica • Rhododendron spp. • Fagus spp.

  23. DED Control with Dutch Trig: • + reduce losses (+/- 1%) • + yearly check of elm by arborist • + affordable • + biological, non toxic • + fast, safe, easy • + active • +/- yearly treatment • - not effective against root graft infections • not curative • cooled transport

  24. Dutch Trig® • A safe and easy to use biological tool to assist in protecting urban elm populations Midwest Distribution: More Info: www.dutchtrig.com

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