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Syntactic Priming in Bilinguals: Effects of verb repetition in an L2-monolingual and cross-lingual setting

Syntactic Priming in Bilinguals: Effects of verb repetition in an L2-monolingual and cross-lingual setting. Sofie Schoonbaert 1 , Robert Hartsuiker 1 , & Martin Pickering 2 1 Ghent University, Belgium 2 University of Edinburgh, Scotland. ISB2005, March 20-24th, Barcelona. Some background.

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Syntactic Priming in Bilinguals: Effects of verb repetition in an L2-monolingual and cross-lingual setting

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  1. Syntactic Priming in Bilinguals:Effects of verb repetition in an L2-monolingual and cross-lingual setting Sofie Schoonbaert1, Robert Hartsuiker1, & Martin Pickering2 1Ghent University, Belgium 2University of Edinburgh, Scotland ISB2005, March 20-24th, Barcelona

  2. Some background Speaking in a second language • Bilingualism • Speech production

  3. Some background The Architecture of BILINGUAL MEMORY • At least ‘some’ information is shared between languages (perception studies of Dijkstra et al., Brysbaert et al.; production studies of Costa et al., Colome et al.) mainly studying semantic & lexical representations) • ‘SHARED SYNTAX’ vs. ‘SEPARATE SYNTAX’ hypothesis syntactic rules like: passive-active / prepositional dative [PO]-double object dative [DO]  Syntactic priming in bilinguals?? SEMANTIC/LEXICAL SYNTACTIC

  4. Syntactic priming studies • Speech production • SYNTACTIC PRIMING: tendency to repeat a recently encountered structure • In monolinguals: • (Bock, 1986, 1989; Bock & Loebell, 1990; Branigan et al., 2000; Hartsuiker & Kolk, 1998; Hartsuiker et al., 1999; Hartsuiker & Westenberg, 2000; Pickering & Branigan, 1998, 1999; Pickering et al., 2002; Potter & Lombardi, 1998) • BOCK (1986): repeating auditory prime sentence – describing visually presented picture with passive-active / DO-PO structures • VERB REPETITIONBETWEEN PRIME-TARGET (Pickering & Branigan, 1998) • lexical boost to syntactic priming

  5. Model (adopted from Pickering & Branigan, 1998) combinatorial nodes unrelated verbs PRIME: ‘The chef gives a gun to the boxer’ (PO) TARGET verb: to send [PO] [DO] category node lemma stratum lemma nodes give send word-form stratum

  6. Model (adopted from Pickering & Branigan, 1998) combinatorial nodes identical verbs condition PRIME: ‘The chef gives a gun to the boxer’ (PO) TARGETverb: to give [PO] [DO] category node lemma stratum lemma nodes give send word-form stratum

  7. Syntactic priming studies Between monolinguals in dialogue: Confederate technique (► dialogue game; Branigan et al., 2000)

  8. PRIME Match: press 1 Mismatch: press 2 ‘The chef gives a gun to the boxer’ [PO] The chef gives the boxer a gun Participant Confederate (L2) Dialogue game (introduced by Branigan, et al., 2000)

  9. TARGET Match: press 1 Mismatch: press 2 nun swimmer Confederate Participant (L2) Dialogue game (introduced by Branigan, et al., 2000)

  10. Syntactic priming studies Between monolinguals in dialogue: Confederate technique (► dialogue game; Branigan et al., 2000) In bilinguals: - (Loebell & Bock, 2003;Meijer & Fox Tree, 2003) - In a dialogue game: Hartsuiker, et al., 2004

  11. Model (adopted from Hartsuiker et al., 2004) L1 prime: Passive (verb perseguir) L2 response on target picture (verb ‘to hit’):  More Passives than Actives in L2 conceptual nodes L2 language nodes L1 lemma nodes combinatorial nodes category node

  12. Present study • syntactic priming in L2 ? • cross-linguistic priming (L1->L2)? • with dative structures • with Dutch-English bilinguals in dialogue  verb manipulation

  13. Experiment 1 : L2 -> L2 • Looking for syntactic priming of dative structures in Dutch-English bilinguals PRIME TARGET ‘The chef gives a gun to the boxer’ [PO] The chef gives the boxer a gun Confederate (L2) Participant (L2)

  14. Experiment 1 : L2 -> L2 Design: 2 (DATIVE PRIME: DO - PO) x 2 (VERB TYPE: identical - unrelated) MAINSyntactic priming effect ! INTERACTION verb repetition enhances the syntactic priming effect give-give give-show Prop. POresponses LEXICAL BOOST

  15. ‘De kok geeft de bokser een geweer’ [PO] Experiment 2 : L1 -> L2 • Looking for syntactic priming of dative structures in Dutch-English bilinguals PRIME TARGET De kok geeft de bokser een geweer Confederate (L1) Participant (L2) Bilingual version of a dialogue game (introduced by Branigan, et al., 2000)

  16. Experiment 2 : L1 -> L2 Design: 2 (DATIVEPRIME: DO-PO) x 2 (VERBTYPE: translation - unrelated) MAINSyntactic priming effect ! INTERACTION translation equivalence enhances the syntactic priming effect geven-give geven-show Prop. POresponses TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE BOOST

  17. EXP 1 L2-L2 EXP 2 L1-L2 LEXICALBOOST TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCEBOOST

  18. Discussion Basic results : • Syntactic priming within L2 • Cross-linguistic syntactic priming (from L1 to L2)  Boost to syntactic priming by: 1/ repetition of the verb (36%) 2/ translation equivalent verbs (17%) (in prime and target) HOW COULD THIS HAPPEN ?

  19. Model EXP1 (adopted from Hartsuiker et al., 2004) • L2 prime: • PO • (verb ‘to give’) • L2 response on target picture • More PO than DO • L2 prime: • PO • (verb ‘give’) • L2 response on target picture • (verb ‘to give’) • more priming with identical verbs conceptual nodes lemma nodes combinatorial nodes An integrated account of bilingual language representation

  20. Model EXP2 (adopted from Hartsuiker et al., 2004) • L1 prime: • PO • (verb ‘geven’) • L2 response on target picture • More PO than DO • L1 prime: • PO • (verb ‘geven’) • L2 response on target picture • (verb ‘to give’) • more priming with translation equivalents conceptual nodes lemma nodes combinatorial nodes An integrated account of bilingual language representation

  21. Discussion We believe that: • the syntactic priming effect within L2 (EXP1) develops in a similar way as in L1 (see Pickering & Branigan, 1998) • cross-linguistic syntactic priming occurs AND was enhanced with translation equivalent verbs due to simultaneous activation of --- a combinatorial node, specifying the dative structure (Pickering & Branigan, 1998) and --- the translation equivalent’s lemma (due to the connection between the semantic representation and the lemma) This activation increases the probability of selecting the same structure with the translation equivalent (cfr. Cleland & Pickering, 2003)

  22. General Conclusions • Bilingualism ---> a single lexical-syntactic memory system With… • ‘SHARED SYNTAX’ vs. ‘SEPARATE SYNTAX’ hypothesis • Shared concepts activating words from both languages • Words from the non-target language influence syntactic choice (via cascading of activation) (with moderately proficient Dutch-English bilinguals) • Speech production • Reliable SYNTACTIC PRIMING across languages - a translation equivalence boost

  23. Thanks to you to Rob Hartsuiker & Martin Pickering (supervising) to the FSR-Flanders (funding)

  24. Exp 1 : L2 -> L2 significant 2-way interaction Identical Unrelated DO PO PO responses

  25. PO responses Exp 2 : L1 -> L2 Translation Unrelated

  26. Discussion A closer look at the results: some models • Levelt & colleagues Lemma = specifies syntactic proporties of a word = contactpoint between meaning and form (the base form of words) • Pickering & Branigan, 1998 (extension) (include combinatorial nodes, that are linked to/shared by the lemma nodes) To account for repeated verb effect in SP (repeated verb: residual activation in both verb&combinat node; different verb: only residual activation in the combinat node) • Hartsuiker et al., 2004 (extension for bilinguals)

  27. Pickering & Branigan 1998 JML

  28. ‘The chef gives the boxer a gun’ [DO] Experiment 1 : L2 -> L2 • Looking for syntacticpriming of dative structures in Dutch-English bilinguals PRIME Match: press 1 Mismatch: press 2 The chef gives the boxer a gun Confederate (L2) Subject Monolingual dialogue game in L2 (introduced by Branigan, et al., 2000)

  29. Experiment 1 : L2 -> L2 • Looking for syntacticpriming of dative structures in Dutch-English bilinguals TARGET Match: press 1 Mismatch: press 2 nun swimmer Confederate Subject (L2)

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