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Virginia Water Treatment Plant under construction

Virginia Water Treatment Plant under construction. http://www.fcwa.org/engineering/griffith.htm. Water Treatment Package Plant. http://www.water.usfilter.com/trident.html. Purpose? Provide Water that is acceptable for... Topics for Today Water Source Unit Operations.

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Virginia Water Treatment Plant under construction

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  1. Virginia Water Treatment Plant under construction http://www.fcwa.org/engineering/griffith.htm

  2. Water Treatment Package Plant http://www.water.usfilter.com/trident.html

  3. Purpose? Provide Water that is acceptable for... Topics for Today Water Source Unit Operations Human Consumption and Industrial use Water Treatment

  4. Water Source • The better the water source, the less treatment needed • Example - Glassboro • Source - Groundwater • Until recently, just disinfection residual • Now, also iron and manganese removal

  5. Unit Operations • Pretreatment • Suspended Solids Removal • Pathogen Removal/Destruction • Taste/Odor Removal/Destruction • Hardness Removal • Iron and Manganese Removal • Toxins/Organics Removal • Disinfection Residual • Fluoridation

  6. Pretreatment • Get water to point where typical plant can handle it • May not be needed • Screens, Presedimentation, Chemical Treatment, Aeration...

  7. Suspended Solids Removal • Improve water clarity (we want <0.1 NTU) • Improve effectiveness of disinfection • Sedimentation • Coagulants (chemicals) destabilize colloidal (very small) particles • Flocculation (gentle mixing) help solids stick together so they settle faster • Particles settle out in quiescent tank

  8. Empty Flocculation/ Sedimentation tank Similar Flocculation/ Sedimentation tank In use http://www.uwplatt.edu/~enve/pictures/drink.html

  9. Suspended Solids Removal (cont.) • Granular Media Filtration • Water passed through bed of sand, anthracite (coal), and/or activated carbon • Removes most of remaining particles • colloidal, floc • protozoa, worm eggs • Membrane Filtration • Not common, depending on type, can remove molecules! Ultrafiltration Membrane strands http://www.bexarmet.org/ultrafiltration_plant.htm

  10. Granular Sand Filtration Tank Source: http://www.uwplatt.edu/~enve/pictures/drink.html

  11. Pathogen Removal/Destruction • Disease Prevention (we want 0 pathogens) • Removal - sedimentation and filtration • Destruction - Disinfection by chlorination, ozone, or UV • Concentration & contact time critical • If done improperly, generates carcinogens • most effective with clear water

  12. WELLSVILLE, NY, WATER TREATMENT PLANT Construction of clearwell (500,000 gallons) Minimum of four hour contact time with disinfection chemicals before leaving plant http://www.wellsvillewater.com/construction_pics.htm

  13. Taste/Odor Removal/Destruction • We want good tasting & smelling water • Destruction - oxidation by chemicals • Chlorine Dioxide, Potassium Permanganate, Ozone... • Destruction by microbes (rare) • Removal • adsorption to activated carbon • aeration (if offensive compounds are volatile, generally not the case for surface water)

  14. Hardness Removal • Hardness - Most commonly Ca & Mg, also caused by Fe, Sr, Al,… • causes excess soap consumption, soap scum, & precipitates • Removed by precipitation • Removed by ion exchange

  15. Iron and Manganese Removal • Causes staining of clothes and plumbing, precipitates • Precipitation by Aeration • Precipitation by Chemical Oxidation • Ion Exchange

  16. Toxins Removal • We don’t want toxic water (MCLs) • Proper selection of water source • Proper design of plant to not MAKE toxins through disinfection process • Treatment (uncommon)- aeration / oxidation / adsorption / Biodegradation...

  17. Disinfection Residual • We don’t want water to get contaminated by pathogens in distribution system • Residual consists of chlorine compounds • Not allowed to fall below 0.2 mg/L for more than 4 hrs

  18. Fluoridation • We want good teeth • Add fluoride compounds if enough not naturally present • Too much will cause mottling

  19. Groundwater Treatment Wells Aeration (Fe & Mn) Flocculation (Fe & Mn) Iron Chelation Fluoridation Disinfection Clarification Clarification Sand Filtration Sand Filtration Fluoridation Fluoridation Disinfection Disinfection

  20. Surface Water Treatment River Lake Screen Screen Presedimentation Rapid Mix Rapid Mix Flocculation Flocculation Clarification Clarification Sand filtration Sand filtration Fluoridation Fluoridation Disinfection Disinfection

  21. What do Our Water Filters do? • Remove suspended solids • Remove Pathogens • Kill Pathogens • Remove taste/odor/toxins(?)

  22. How do they remove Suspended Solids?

  23. How do they Remove Pathogens?

  24. How do they Kill Pathogens?

  25. Overal Pathogen Protection Level?

  26. How do they remove taste/odor/toxins?

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