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chapter 5: operational amplifiers

introduction. Introduction . The operational amplifier or op-amp is a circuit of components integrated into one chip. A typical op-amp is powered by two dc voltages and has an inverting(-) and a non-inverting input ( ) and an output.An op amp is an electronic device which provides a voltage output based on the voltage input .

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chapter 5: operational amplifiers

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    1: introduction Chapter 5: Operational Amplifiers Fig 12-1 a&b op-amp schem. symbolsFig 12-1 a&b op-amp schem. symbols

    2: introduction Fig 12-1 a&b op-amp schem. symbolsFig 12-1 a&b op-amp schem. symbols

    3: introduction Basic op-amp

    4: introduction Operational Amplifiers Five important pins 2 – The inverting input 3 – The non-inverting input 6 – The output 4 – The negative power supply V- (-Vcc) 7 – The positive power supply V+ (+Vcc)

    5: introduction Operational Amplifiers The output of the op amp is given by the following equation: Vd = E1 – E2 and Vo = AVOL(Vd) AVOL is called the open-loop voltage gain because it is the gain of the op amp without any external feedback from output to input

    6: introduction Operational Amplifiers Positive Saturation – where the output voltage exceeds the positive power input

    7: introduction Operational Amplifiers Linear Region – where the output voltage is linear based on A (gain)

    8: introduction Operational Amplifiers Negative Saturation – where the output voltage would be less than the negative power input

    9: introduction Operational Amplifiers

    10: introduction What do they really look like?

    11: introduction IC Circuit

    12: introduction Operational Amplifiers

    13: introduction Operational Amplifiers Fig 12-2a&b ideal and practical op-ampFig 12-2a&b ideal and practical op-amp

    14: application Application in op-amp There are 2 types of application in op-amp Linear application Non-linear application Linear application is where the op-amp operate in linear region: Assumptions in linear application: Input current, Ii = 0 Input voltage: V+=V- Feedback at the inverting input

    15: application Non-linear application is where the op-amp operate in non-linear region By comparing these two input voltages: positive input voltages, V+ and negative input voltage, V- where: VO = VCC if V+ > V- VO = -VEE if V+ < V- Input current, Ii = 0 Application in op-amp

    16: application Applications of op-amp Comparator (Pembanding) Inverter (Penukar) Audio amplifier (Penguat Audio) Difference Amplifier (Penguat Beza) Filter (Penapis) Summing Amplifier (Penguat Jumlahan)

    17: application Op-amp Circuit Application Penguat menyongsang Penguat tidak menyongsang Penambah menyongsang Pengikut voltan Penguat penolak Penguat instrumentasi Pengamil Pengkerbezaan

    18: application Inverting Amplifier Non-Inverting Amplifier Summing Amplifier Unity Follower Difference Amplifier Integrators Differentiators

    19: application:inverting amplifier Application: Inverting amplifier

    20: application:inverting amplifier Summary of op-amp behavior

    21: application:inverting amplifier Summary of op-amp behavior

    22: application:inverting amplifier To analyze an op-amp circuit for linear operation

    23: application:inverting amplifier Analysis of inverting amplifier

    24: application:non-inverting amplifier Application:Non-inverting amplifier

    25: Non-inverting configuration

    26: application:summing amplifier Application: Summing amplifier

    27: Summing Amplifier

    28: application:unity-follower Application: Unity Follower(Pengikut Voltan)

    29: application:difference amplifier Application: Difference amplifier (Penguat Penolak)

    30: application:instrumentation amplifier Application: Instrumentation Amplifier (Penguat Instrumentasi)

    31: application:integrator Application:Integrator (Pengamil)

    32: application:differentiator Application: Differentiation (Pengkerbezaan)

    33: exercise Exercise 1

    34: exercise Exercise 2

    35: exercise Exercise 3

    36: exercise Exercise 4

    37: non-linear application Non-linear application is where the op-amp operate in non-linear region By comparing these two input voltages: positive input voltages, V+ and negative input voltage, V- where: VO = VCC if V+ > V- VO = -VCC if V+ < V- Input current, Ii = 0 Recall: Non-linear application in op-amp

    38: non-linear application:comparator Non-linear application: Comparator (Pembanding)

    39: non-linear application:comparator Non-linear application: Comparator (Pembanding)

    40: non-linear application:schmitt trigger Non-linear application Schmitt Trigger (Pemicu Schmitt)

    41: non-linear application:schmitt trigger Non-linear application Schmitt Trigger (Pemicu Schmitt)

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