Morphology and Word Formation

1. Morphology and Word Formation Solutions to Test Paper tt

2. Word Formation ineffectualisation isn’t a word you meet every day. Argue that it nevertheless is a word, by splitting it up into morphemes according to type. Finally, draw a tree diagram for it, using the morpheme-type labels as the names of nodes.

3. Word Formation in ef fect ual is ation is(e)

4. N Stem V Stem N Affix A Stem V Suffix Neg Prefix A stem N Stem A Suffix N Prefix Bound Root Word Formation in ef fect ual is(e) ation

5. Compounds Form recognized compounds from the free morphemes below the table and insert them in the table according to the same principles as those behind the test samples. Use each morpheme only once: Adjectives strong all Nouns spoon pocket rain head bow Verbs walk sleep pick carry feed

6. Compounds Form recognized compounds from the free morphemes below the table and insert them in the table according to the same principles as those behind the test samples. Use each morpheme only once: Adjectives strong all Nouns spoon pocket rain head bow Verbs walk sleep pick carry feed

7. Derivational Morphology Derivational morphemes convert members of (‘input’) word classes into members of the same or different (‘output’) word classes. For example, -ish turns 1) a N into an A: boy + ish  boyish, or 2) an A into another A (with a different meaning): pink + ish  pinkish. Judging from the list of words provided below, determine the input word class and the output word class for the following derivational affixes. Write the stem + input class label on the line to the left, the output class label on the line to the right of the arrow (note that the final vowel may diasappear or change shape, that the final consonant may double, and that the stem may otherwise change): • a. _______ + -al ___; b. _______ + -ous ___ ; c. _______ + -ify  ___; • d. _______ +-ful  ___; e. _______ + -ity ___ ; f. _______ +-en ___; • g. _______ +-dom  ___; h. _______ +-able  ___; i. a- + _______  ___ ; • ex- + _______  ___ ; k. sub- + _______  ___ ; l. re- + _______  ___ ; • virtue, moral, health, wife, aquit, enemy, print, minimal, white, free, read, glory.

8. t- V N acquittal e- N A virtuous N V glorify N A healthful N N enmity A V whiten a. ____________ + -al ___ b. ____________ + -ous ___ c. ____________ + -ify  ___ d. ____________ +-ful  ___ e. ____________ + -ity ___ f. ____________ +-en ___ virtue moral health wife aquit enemy print minimal white free read glory

9. A N freedom V A readable A A amoral N N exwife A A subminimal V V reprint g. ____________ +-dom  ___ h. ____________ +-able  ___ i. a- + ____________  ___ j. ex- + ____________  ___ k. sub- + ____________  ___ l. re- + ____________  ___ moral wife print minimal free read

10. N A virtue + al virtual A V + ize  minimalize minimal N A glory + ous  glorious N N wife + dom  wifedom V V re + read  reread Derivational Morphology There are other possibilities: ….

11. N V N V sub + print  ?subprint A A sub + white  ?subwhite Derivational Morphology … including some dubious, but potential, ones: The crux of the matter is that derivational morphology is only partly subject to generalization