A nice and sounding vision of global science :

1. A nice and sounding vision of global science : “A world where science is used for the benefit of all, excellence in science is valued and scientific knowledge is effectively linked to policy-making. In such a world, universal and equitable access to scientific data and information is a reality and all countries have the scientific capacity to use these ….” ICSU But we live in a vastly unequal world …

2. Source : Human Development Report 2005

3. A discursive agreement : Urgency of using the achievements of the scientific endeavour to adress human needs, to promote sustainable development and to contribute to the building of knowledge societies for instance : Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge, World Conference on Science, 1999; Millenium Development Goals etc

4. Science education and PCST are essential for building endogenous scientific capacity and strengthening democracy by means of an active and informed citizenship (The relationship between science and society will centrally influence the directions and practices of science …) Are there language issues ?

5. … but do they matter at all for S&T?

6. Source : the UNESCO Courier, april 2000

7. Communicating science in plain language (… and through diverse languages) • "I believe ­as Galileo did when he wrote his two greatest works as dialogues in Italian rather than didactic treatises in Latin, (…) as Darwin did when he published all his books for general audiences­ that we can still have a genre of scientific books suitable for and accessible alike to professionals and interested lay people. The concepts of science, in all their richness and ambiguity, can be presented without any compromise, without any simplification counting as distortion, in language accessible to all intelligent people." Quoted from: Wonderful Life: the Burgess Shale and nature of history. N.Y.: Norton, 1989. p. 16. Index translationum ?

8. Spanish Spanish Spanish French French French Portuguese Portuguese Portuguese German German German Japanese Japanese Japanese Dutch Italian Italian Polish ČesČes Slovenian Slovenian Hebrew Hebrew Swedish Slovenian Swedish Korean Hungarian Hungarian Swedish Basque Estonian 101212

9. Source : Human Development Report 2004

10. Does the English-only character of science … … widen the Gap between Scientists, Science Educators and Civil Society ? … create new barriers to Science Education and the PCST ?

11. Scientific culture ? Massarani, L. et al.Science journalism in Latin America: How the scientific information from a scientific source is settled when it is transformed into a journalistic story Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on PCST, Seoul, 2006 They analyzed all the stories published by the science section of main newspapers from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Ecuador and Brazil during April 2004, having as primary source scientific papers published by the journals Science and Nature. “5. Mistakes, negligence, and incongruities We identified some mistakes, negligence,and incongruities in the analyzed stories. Most of them are related to figures or not accurate translations.”

12. Science Education, Science Literacy ? “Using the national languages—Sinhala and Tamil—as the media of instruction in schools and universities has mixed blessings. Each language has its own rich literature and each is amenable to communicating complex ideas and philosophies. However, when used for scientific and technological communication, they suffer from a lack of adequate vocabulary. (…) [and] translating the latest scientific and technological literature and printing it for a small national market is a costly and cumbersome exercise. There are very few authors who write books and authoritative papers in the national languages. In neighbouring India, where Tamil is the mother tongue of a large population, higher education and research publications are in English.” C.L.V. Jayatilleke, “Sri Lanka”, in Science education for contemporary society: problems, issues and dilemas. Final Report of the International Workshop on the Reform in the Teaching of Science and Technology at Primary and Secondary Level in Asia : Comparative References to Europe Beijing, 27–31 March 2000

14. Local and indigenous knowledge systems and languages 'Local and indigenous knowledge' refers to the cumulative and complex bodies of knowledge, know-how, practices and representations that are maintained and developed by peoples with extended histories of interactions with the natural environment. (other terms include: traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) ; ethnoscience / ethonobiology / ethnobotany / ethnozoology, etc) Vernacular languages are part and parcel of these cognitive systems. Indigenous languages participate in the creation, encoding, sustaining, and transmission of cultural knowledge and patterns of behaviour. The LINKS project (UNESCO)

15. "Nā te waka ō tātou tūpuna i hari mai ki konei kia kaua tērā e ngaro i a tātou.Ki te ngaro ana tērā kaupapa i a tātou, tekateka noa iho tātou."- Tohunga Tārai Waka Hekenukumaingaiwi Puhipi "We must not forget that it was the canoe that brought our ancestors to this land.If we were to lose this part of our culture, we lose our heritage."- Maori master canoe builder Hekenukumai Busby He shares his knowledge on a variety of subjects including ways to prepare and select the right tree to build a canoe and how the reflection and diffraction of ocean swells allow navigators to detect distant islands

16. Need of a process of language intellectualisation (corpus planning, status planning), particularly in the sphere of S&T

17. Kalima (كلمة) project to translate books into Arabic The Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage has funded a project that will to start with, translate 100 seminal works in science, philosophy, and other areas into Arabic. That includes works by Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Stephen Jay Gould, and James Watson. The project, called Kalima (“word” in Arabic), is an attempt to address the fact that, although there are more than a quarter of a billion Arabic speakers worldwide, only a few hundred books are translated into Arabic each year.

18. Terminology The Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG) was created within the framework of the South-East Asian Networkfor a Geological Information System (SANGIS) to respond to regional difficulties in using keywords in English for geological and geophysical information management. The AMTG’s 5,867 geoscientific terms in English and French have Been translated into Khmer, Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and Vietnamese.

19. what kind of language policy and planning for science that promotes linguistic diversity and multilingualism ? multilingual (diversity : creativity and innovation) and interlingual (universality and international character of science) But what kind of interlingualism ?

20. China is becoming a scientific force to be reckoned with (…and what about Mandaren ?) Source : David Graddol. English Next (2007)

21. a living planned language, neutral and auxiliary • a voluntary, non-ethnic, worldwide speech community • a movement of language awareness and appreciation for languages

22. Eoanthropus dawsoni Eoanthropus dawsoni (portrait 1915)

23. IUBS Commission for Biological Education (CBE) & UNESCO Programme on Science and Technology Education Bioliteracy through a set of interesting hands-on activities to learn about the living world around the children (“observing birds”, “tree charting”, and so on) Premises : • Biology is for everyone • Science needs a context • Being a biologist is not necessarily a career, but a life-long learning experience