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Viewing Parameters

Viewing Parameters View plane: plane of our display surface View reference point (VRP): center of attention, all other viewing parameters are expressed relative to this point View plane normal (VPN): look direction View distance: distance from camera to VRP

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Viewing Parameters

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  1. Viewing Parameters • View plane: plane of our display surface • View reference point (VRP): center of attention, all other viewing parameters are expressed relative to this point • View plane normal (VPN): look direction • View distance: distance from camera to VRP • View-up direction: vector pointing to top of camera • View plane coordinates: film coordinates • object coordinates: coordinates that the objects lie 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  2. Viewing Parameters 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  3. Conversion to View Plane Coordinates • We wish to perform a series of transformations which will change the object coordinates into the view plane coordinates. • First step: translate the origin to the correct position for the view plane coordinate system (shifting to VRP then shifting along the VPN by the VIEW-DISTANCE. • Second step: align the z axis 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  4. 3D Rotation about an Arbitrary Axis 1. Translate the axis to origin 2. Rotate about x until the axis of rotation is in the xz plane 3. Rotate about y axis until the z axis corresponds to the axis of rotation 4. Rotate about z (axis of rotation) 5. Reverse the rotation about y 6. Reverse the rotation about x 7. Reverse the translation 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  5. Graphical Illustrations 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  6. Mathematical Illustrations • Suppose the rotation axis is defined by a point (x1, y1, z1) and a vector [A B C], so the line equations are x = Au + x1 y = Bu + y1 z = Cu + z1 • The initial translation matrix and its reverse translation are 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  7. Mathematical Illustrations • Rotation about x axis V = (B2+C2)1/2 sin(I) = B/V cos(I) = C/V y y (A, B, C) (0, B, C) (0, B, C) B V x x I C z z 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  8. Mathematical Illustrations • Rotation matrix, Rx • Reverse matrix, Rx-1 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  9. Mathematical Illustrations • Rotation about y y L = (A2+B2+C2)1/2 V = (L2-A2)1/2=(B2+C2)1/2 sin(J) = A/L cos(J) = V/L A x J L V z Rotation axis 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  10. Mathematical Illustrations • Rotation matrix, Ry • Reverse matrix, Ry-1 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  11. Mathematical Illustrations • Rotation about the z axis • The actual transformation for a rotation about an arbitraty axis is given by R = T-1 Rx-1 Ry-1 Rz Ry Rx T 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  12. Back to “View Plane Coordinates Conversion” • Parameters: VPR = (xr, yr, zr) VPN = [Nx, Ny, Nz] View-up = [xup, yup, zup] View-distance = VD • The entire transformation is TMATRIX = Rz Ry Rx T 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  13. Mathematical Illustrations V=(Ny2 + Nz2)1/2 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  14. Mathematical Illustrations 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  15. Clipping in 3D • Clipping against planes, not against lines as in 2D Front plane clipping Back plane clipping Top plane clipping Bottom plane clipping Left plane clipping Right plane clipping Clipping Process 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  16. 3D Clipping • Fig 8-38, 8-39, 8-40 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  17. 3D Clipping 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  18. Front and Back Clipping • for the point (x1, y1, z1) to be visible: z1<= FRONT-Z and z1 >= BACK-Z 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  19. 3D Viewing Transformation Summary 1. Draw object in the object coordinates 2. Specify viewing parameter (VPR, VPN, VD, etc.) 3. Convert object coordinates to view plane coordinates 4. Perform 3D clipping 5. Project the objects in viewing onto the view plane 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

  20. 3D Application: Flight Simulator • Fig 8-45, 8-46 240-422 Computer Graphics : Viewing in 3D_4

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