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ISIS and the human trafficking operations

How ISIS take part in the human smuggling and get money from it.

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ISIS and the human trafficking operations

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  1. human traffickingthe Islamic State’s worthy business 2016. Col. Besenyő János, PhD.

  2. Content • Current situation of the Islamic State • Operations inside Syria and Iraq • Global spillover • Three main motivators: • Financial benefits • Social reasons • Military tool • Conclusion, a vision for the future

  3. The IslamicState • „The IslamicState”: • 1999: Abu Musabal-Zarqawi: Jama'atal-Tawhidwal-JihadAl-Qaidalinks • InterruptingtheorganizationalconnectionswithAl-Qaida, greaterindependency, expansion. • 2010: Abu Bakral-Baghdadí – ISIL, (DAESH), ISLAMIC STATE (IS) • Radical Wahhabist/Salafistinterpretation of SunniIslam • Spillover of theSyrian civil war (2011- ; Basharal-Assad, rebelgroups) • Callsfor an internationaljihad • Influencein a hugevariety of illegaltransactions (human trafficking) • International coalition and military interventionagainsttheorganization (2014-, USA, RUS engagement) • Air strikes, bootsontheground. • Battle forFalluja, battleforMosul (2016.05.) • Territoryshrinks

  4. The internationalcoalition’sair-strikesin 2015 Source: BBC (2016):Islamic State group: Crisis in seven charts, URL: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034, date of access: 2016.05.30.

  5. Directarea of operations • Syria, Iraq, Libya • Establishingthe „caliphate” • Hard-powerinfluence • Limited social- and publicadministrationservices • Sharíalaw, fundamentalistideology • Trainingcamps • Human rightsabuses • Violence, persecutionof „kafirs” (Yazidi, Christian minority and othernon-believers) • Diversesources of income (decreasedto $56 million/year 2016 March) • Oil, agricultural trade • Black-market transactions • Incomefromillegal, military operations • Human trafficking • …

  6. Global threats • Indirectinfluencein a greaterscale of territories • Spillover-effect • Worldwidepropaganda, recruitment • Humanitarianconsiderations • Illegal trade and financialtransactions (donors) • Activecontactwithforwardbases of fundamentalisminthe European region (Balkans) • Terroristattacks (2015. November – Paris, 2016. March – Brussels) • Pushfactorformigrant flow • Connectionswithhuman-traffickers: uncontrolledwave of immigrantsmayprovideopportunityforinfiltration

  7. Human trafficking – Financial benefits • Incomerequiredfor: • Maintaining the moderate standard of living • Providing basic social services • Planning and executing the operation of the terrorist organization • Monthly payment between $300 and up to $2,000 per jihadists • Expanding international system for illegal trade and smuggling.  regularincomefrompeople, money, black-market items or artifacts. • Smuggler groups of migratory routes are linked up with the terrorist organization • Value of human smuggling in Libya: $20m (2010) $323m (2014) • Route from Syria to Turkey could reach over $8000 for an individual, • Some smugglers may also charge $400 to $500 to "insure" migrants against abductions. • Approximately $320m yearly income for the terrorist organization. • Hardly-detectable, routes and methods are diverse and constantly adapting  secured way of income with minimal risks for the organization.

  8. Main migratoryroutes Source: Frontex (2016): Migratory routes map, URL: http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/migratory-routes-map/, date of access: 2016.05.30.

  9. Human trafficking – Societalreasons • Distracting and destabilizing the local communities – waron „kafirs”– cleansing and unifyingsociety • Trafficking highly intimidates population, generates fear and contributes to the push-factors of migration (Nigeria or Iraq) • Enslavement and rape of women (2014: 2500 civilians) • Historicalroots • Meetthejihadists’ needs • Salecenters: Syria, Iraq, Turkey (Antep). • Traffickingfromthe West toSyria – recruitment of foreignfighters • Women: forced marriages, ideologicalpersuasion: holywar, honored to be a mother of a future jihadist. • TraffickingfromSyriatothe West: • The possibilities of themigrant flow – infiltration, propaganda, generatingfear.

  10. Womenpricelist Source: The Mirror Post (2016): ISIS executes 19 teenage girls for refusing to have sex with fighters, URL: http://www.themirrorpost.com/2015/08/isis-executes-19-teenage-girls-for.html, date of access: 2016.05.30.

  11. Human trafficking – A weapon of war • From 2011 to 2015: • 7.6 million Syrians internallydisplaced • 4 million refugees. • Followersinfiltratedinthe unchecked crowd of migrants. • Recentmonthsterroristattacks and the known expansion of insurgencies. • European radicalunits’ reassurance, activeconnections (Bosnia, Belgium) • Al Dabiq: ideologicallegitimacy • Enhancesdetermination and increasesmorale. • Eliminating the opponents’ human capabilities: • 2014.July 9.: 60 former Iraqi Army officers from werekidnapped to pre-empt a potential rebel strikeinMosul. • Collectingand recruiting children: • Recruitingto training camps, front lines. • Syrian army, pro-government militias, opposition forces and the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) are also involved in similar processes. (HUMINT)

  12. Conclusion • Multidimensional support for radical organizations. • Diverse and extensive network • Smuggling groups in Libya and Turkey: from West toSyria, fromSyriatotheWest • Routes dynamically adapting for the current changes • A tripartite threat: • It generates income for both the linked organized crime groups and indirectly for the Islamic State. • It improves morale among jihadists, ideologically legitimates actions against its enemies, thereby human trafficking improves the propaganda. (sex trafficking) • By human trafficking, the terrorist organization’s military actions should be intensified and capabilities should be further increased. (enemies’ kidnapping, recruitment) • Tracking and elimination of theseroutesrequires a complex counter-trafficking procedure.

  13. BIOGRAPHY • János Besenyő: Not the invention of ISIS: Terrorists among immigrants, Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, (2015) Volume5, Number 1, pp. 5–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2015.5.1(1) • János Besenyő: Security preconditions: Understanding migratory routes, Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, (2016, September) Volume 6, Number 1, pp. 5–26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2016.6.1(1) • Besenyő János: Low-cost attacks, unnoticable plots? Overview on the economical character of current terrorism, STRATEGIC IMPACT (ROMANIA) (ISSN: 1841-5784) (eISSN: 1824-9904) 62/2017: (Issue No. 1) pp. 83-100. (2017), https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=531307

  14. Thank youforyourattention! 2016. Col. Besenyő János, PhD.

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