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Ch. 7 Site Management

Ch. 7 Site Management. ISC325. Announcements. Submit your project website (URL) by Monday (5/8). Submit your final project documents by Wed (5/10) Submit your all files for the project on a CD or a floppy. Class presentation on Wednesday (5/10) Final exam on 5/17 (Wednesday) at 2 pm .

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Ch. 7 Site Management

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  1. Ch. 7 Site Management ISC325

  2. Announcements • Submit your project website (URL) by Monday (5/8). • Submit your final project documents by Wed (5/10) • Submit your all files for the project on a CD or a floppy. • Class presentation on Wednesday (5/10) • Final exam on 5/17 (Wednesday) at 2 pm

  3. Three levels of Web development • According to Jakob Nielsen • Interaction design • Navigation support, layout, search, etc. • Content design • The actual writing on the pages • Web management

  4. Web Management • Evaluation • Reviewing your site before going online • Web hosting services • Maintenance • Keeping your site up-to-date

  5. Testing a Web Site Before Publishing • Self-Testing • Page display • Image display • Alternate text descriptions • Internal links • External links • After conducting self-testing, correct any identified problems

  6. Testing a Web Site Before Publishing • Group Testing • What appeals to group • What disinterests group • Time spent on various pages • Visited / ignored links • Ease of navigation • Demonstration of confusion or annoyance

  7. Evaluation • Final Design Checklist http://www.state.fl.us/dms/betterwebsites/inspection_design.html

  8. Evaluating a User Interface Design • Evaluation without users (Inspection method) • Heuristic Evaluation • Other simple inspection guides for novices • Evaluation with users (also known as user studies) • Usability testing

  9. Heuristic Evaluation • Evaluation method without users • Fast and easy to carry out • Heuristics are “rules of thumb” for good design • Heuristic evaluation involves inspection of an information system through the “lens” of each heuristic in an agreed-upon set of heuristics

  10. What Heuristics? • Visibility of system status • Match between system and the real world • User control and freedom • Consistency and standards • Error prevention • Recognition rather than recall • Flexibility and efficiency of use • Aesthetic and minimalist design • Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors • Help and documentation

  11. 1. Visibility of system status • The system should always keep users informed about what is going on, through appropriate feedback within reasonable time. 2. Match between system and the real world • The system should speak the users' language, with words, phrases and concepts familiar to the user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order.

  12. 3. User control and freedom • Users often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked "emergency exit" to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Support undo and redo. 4. Consistency and standards • Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform conventions.

  13. 5. Error prevention • Even better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. 6. Recognition rather than recall • Make objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate.

  14. 7. Flexibility and efficiency of use • Accelerators -- unseen by the novice user -- may often speed up the interaction for the expert user such that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions. 8. Aesthetic and minimalist design • Dialogues should not contain information which is irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit of information in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their relative visibility.

  15. 9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors • Error messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), precisely indicate the problem, and constructively suggest a solution. 10. Help and documentation • Even though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary to provide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused on the user's task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large.

  16. Interactive Heuristics Checklist • Interesting idea that the value of different heuristics changes with the application • Developer: Catherine Barber • http://www.id-book.com/catherb/index.htm provides heuristics and a template so that you can evaluate different kinds of systems. More information about this is provided in the interactivities section of the id-book.com website.

  17. Details of Heuristics • http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html • http://www.dimi.uniud.it/~giorgio/dida/ir/euristiche-gb.html • http://www.westendweb.com/usability/02heuristics.htm Usability Heuristics & examples • http://user-experience.org/uefiles/writings/heuristics.html Usability Heuristics for the Web by Keith Instone • A report sample for web site HE: http://www.bls.gov/ore/htm_papers/st960160.htm • Usability evaluation checklist for web sites: http://www.infodesign.com.au/usabilityresources/evaluation/conductingusabilityreviews.asp

  18. Pros and Cons • Pros • Quick • No recruiting of users • No user sessions • Inexpensive • No payment of subject • No observation equipment • Flexible • Useful at any stage of development • Completely portable • Cons • No users • Can evaluators take all points of view? • Can evaluators assess levels of expertise? • Subject to evaluator expertise/preferences

  19. Other Inspection Forms • http://www.cyberbee.com/guides.html Internet evaluation forms • A guide for rating the curriculum content on web sites • A guide for rating the design of a web site • Website Investigator

  20. Walkthrough • Walkthrough http://www.webdevelopersjournal.com/articles/walkthrough.html

  21. Considerations on Evaluation • Use different web browsers • A variety of computer systems: different Internet connections, different size screens, and different computer platforms. • Areas to review • Page layout • Organization, a logic, relevance, and presentation of content • Accuracy • Navigation links • Technical aspects such as loading time

  22. User testing • Goals & questions focus on how well users perform tasks with the product • Major part of usability testing • Focus is on time to complete task & number & type of errors • User satisfaction questionnaires provide data about users’ opinions

  23. Usability testing • Usability testing involves recording typical users’ performance on typical tasks in controlled settings. Field observations may also be used. • As the users perform these tasks they are watched & recorded on video & their key presses are logged. • This data is used to calculate performance times, identify errors & help explain why the users did what they did. • User satisfaction questionnaires & interviews are used to elicit users’ opinions.

  24. Measurement Plan • What do you need to measure? • Task-based analyses • Misunderstandings • Interpretations • Performance-based analyses • Time to learn • Time to perform task • Error rate

  25. Resources for Usability • Usability Toolkit (http://www.stcsig.org/usability/resources/toolkit/toolkit.html ) • lots of samples for usability testing • Test session checklist • Scenario package for a usability test • Usability and satisfaction survey for a web application product • Participant questionnaire sample form • A process for writing usability goals • Supper easy usability testing ( http://www.webword.com/moving/easytesting.html)

  26. Resources for Questionnaires • Questionnaire to test reactions • http://www.acm.org/~perlman/question.html • http://www.ifsm.umbc.edu/djenni1/osg/ Online Survey Generator

  27. Publishing the Web Site • Acquiring server space • Obtaining a domain name • Uploading your Web site

  28. Acquiring Server Space • All files must be uploaded to a Web server • Client-side vs. server-side functions • Server space is available from • ISPs and OSPs • Free hosting services

  29. Web Hosting Services • The ISP (Internet Service Provider) • offers space on the Web server. • offers a range of other services such a site promotion and management. • Domain Name • Go to a domain server such as Network Solutions (http://networksolutions.com)

  30. Hosting Services ·Web server space - How much space do you have to store files? Minimum 30-100MB ·Bandwidth - How much traffic can I have at the website? Minimum 5-15GB ·Email accounts - How many email addresses do you need? ·Server-Side Software and Extensions - What do you want to do with applications such as forms, FrontPage extensions, and databases? ·Web Control Panel - What kind of control do you want over the website? What website statistics do you need?

  31. Acquiring Server Space • Consider the following • Monthly fee • Server space allotted • Naming conventions for files • Downtime for maintenance / backing up • E-commerce / Multimedia / SSL support • FTP software • Technical Support

  32. Obtaining a Domain Name • Domain Name System (DNS) stores domain names and their corresponding IP addresses • DNS Servers translates domain names into their corresponding IP addresses

  33. Obtaining a Domain Name • Obtain a domain name through accredited registration sites • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) • Domain names will be associated with the computer you authorize during registration

  34. Uploading Your Web Site • Transmitting all files that comprise your Web site to the Internet • Three methods • FTP applications • WYSIWYG software • Web folders

  35. FTP Applications • Used to transfer files on the Internet • FTP Requires • Site name • Host/IP/URL • Host type • Username and password

  36. WYSIWYG Software • Allows you to upload your Web site directly from within the program • Microsoft FrontPage • FTP program is built in

  37. Web Folders • Web server must be configured to support Microsoft Web Folders • Web folders allow you to easily drag and drop files to your remote Web site directory

  38. Testing a Web Site After Publishing • Determine that all images display properly • Make certain that no broken links exist • Ensure all interactive elements such as forms are functioning properly • Make any necessary changes to the source file and then upload that file to the server, overwriting the old file

  39. Marketing the Web Site • It is important to announce your presence on the Web • Web-based marketing • Search engines • Submission services • Reciprocal links • Banner advertising • Awards • E-mail newsletters and mailing lists

  40. Web-Based Marketing • Search Engines • Maintain a database of sites on the Web • Equivalent of having your name and number listed in the Yellow Pages • Meta tags increase the chances of your site appearing in search results • Spiders and robots search the Web for new sites periodically • You can register with some search engines free of charge

  41. Web-Based Marketing • Submission Service • Business that will register your site with hundreds of search engines for a fee • Reregister your site if you redesign or add substantial new content

  42. Web-Based Marketing • Reciprocal Links • Two Web site owners informally agree to put a link to each other’s site on their Web pages • Link exchange sites allow you to choose other sites with which you can exchange reciprocal links

  43. Web-Based Marketing • Banner Advertising • Intent is to motivate viewers to click the add, which takes them to an advertiser’s Web site • Two methods of fee determination • Click-through • Impression • Banner Exchange Sites • Similar to link exchange sites • Usually a free service

  44. Web-Based Marketing

  45. Web-Based Marketing • Awards • Beneficial to Web sites only if they come from a credible source • CNET • PCMagazine

  46. Web-Based Marketing • E-Mail Newsletters and Mailing Lists • Have potential to market your Web site easily • Inform visitors of new products and services • Newsletter should be personable, engaging, and free of errors • Always provide a way to unsubscribe from the e-mail newsletter

  47. Traditional Marketing Methods and Advertising • Word of mouth • Telling people about your site • Print • URL appears on printed materials • Promotional Items • Magnets, coffee mugs, coasters, pens, etc.

  48. Maintenance • Web sites = “living entities” • Web site designers should try to reduce future maintenance costs through: • Proper technology choice • Use of structured design • Implementation of consistent markup and coding styles

  49. MaintenanceKeeping Your Site Up-To-Date • New content and revisions for keeping it current • Broken links • Email requests • Be sure to include an email address contact on every page of the website

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