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Extinction of Learned Behavior. Lecture 13. Extinction of Reinforced Behavior. Behavior changes relatively permanent Modifiable if situation changes NOT unlearning Respondent: cue doesn’t predict important event CS : No US Operant: B no longer followed by important event
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Extinction of Learned Behavior Lecture 13
Extinction of Reinforced Behavior Behavior changes relatively permanent Modifiable if situation changes NOT unlearning Respondent: cue doesn’t predict important event CS : No US Operant: B no longer followed by important event SD : B No SR ~
Extinction Hi Strength of R Lo Acquisition CS : No US B No SR
Effects of Extinction Respondent behavior CR diminishes Emotional: frustration/relief Operant behavior B Extinction burst Gradual B response variability ~
Operant Extinction Hi Strength of R Lo Acquisition B No SR • frustration burst & response variability ~
Extinction & Negative RFT of • Escape behavior • B terminates aversive event • extinction similar to positive RFT • Avoidance Behavior • B prevents aversive event • Resistant to extinction • limited exposure to SD • flooding exposure to complete SD ~
Extinction: Punishment Recovery of Punished Behavior Behavior no longer punished B no SR B full recovery original B level depends on intensity & frequency of punishment ~
Extinction vs Forgetting • Forgetting • Decay of memory • With passage of time • Extinction • Requires B to occur repeatedly • Without RFT ~
Extinction vs. Habituation • Habituation • reflexive response • Reflexive response inherited • Extinction • in an acquired response • B no longer reinforced • Response acquired via learning ~
Operant: Extinction vs. Punishment Both reduce behavior frequency extinction gradual strong punishment rapid Positive punishment disadvantages fear responses escape/avoidance aggression ~
Why Does Extinction Occur? • Inhibitory learning • CS+ : no US and SD : B no SR • contingencies change • become inhibitory signals: CS- / SΔ • Operant: role of CERs • nonRFT frustration • B aversive CER: B • nonPunishment relief • B appetitive CER: B ~
Reinstatement after Extinction Recovery of learned responses (CR) response to CS+ / SD Phenomena Spontaneous Recovery Disinhibition Renewal effect Shows that association intact NOT unlearned ~
Spontaneous Recovery • Passage of time since last CS/SD ~ Hi Time passes Strength of R Lo Acquistion Extinction CS/SD occurs
Novel Stimulus Disinhibition • Novel stimulus precedes CS/SD ~ Hi Strength of CR Lo Acquistion Extinction CS/SD occurs
Renewal Effect • Extinction context-dependent • Acquisition: “old” environment • Extinction: “new” environment • Go back to “old” environment • Responses are renewed • Indicates association intact • All CS / SD not present during extinction • different contexts ~
Extinction: at clinic New Old Fear Gone? Renewal Effect: Flying Phobia Acquisition: in plane
Reacquisition • Events paired again • CS : US • B SR • Associations quickly re-strengthened • fewer trials asymptote • than original acquisition • Because previous associations intact • adaptive behaviors • relapse for maladaptive behaviors ~
Reacquisition Hi Strength of R Lo Acquisition Extinction Reacquisition
Parodoxical RFT Effects • Particularly for CRF • expectation of RFT • No SR frustration faster extinction • Overtraining Extinction Effect • More training higher expectation of RFT • Magnitude of RFT • RFT magnitude higher expectation of RFT • Frustration when not RFT • aversive – acts like punisher ~
Extinction ≠ Unlearning • Association persists after extinction • Reinstatement of responding after extinction • Spontaneous recovery • Renewal Effect • Disinhibition • Reacquisition • Difficulty in treating addictions & behavioral disorders • Relapse can occur relatively easy ~