190 likes | 1.41k Views
Local Area Network Bus connection that supports multiple computers Generally less expensive than WAN for comparable speed Span relatively short distances Examples: Ethernet Token Ring FDDI. Wide Area Networks Point-to-point or Multipoint
E N D
Local Area Network Bus connection that supports multiple computers Generally less expensive than WAN for comparable speed Span relatively short distances Examples: Ethernet Token Ring FDDI Wide Area Networks Point-to-point or Multipoint Generally more expensive compared to LAN for comparable speed Can span large distances Depicted as lightning bolt Examples: 56K dedicated circuit T1, T3, OC3, OC12 Frame-Relay ATM LAN vs WAN
Classic 10Mbps Ethernet • Ethernet interfaces • Thick Ethernet (10base5) • Thick coaxial cable (0.5” diameter) • 500meter max length • Thin Ethernet (10base2 802.3a) • RG58 coaxial cable • 185 meter max length • Twisted Pair Ethernet (10baseT 802.3i) • 4 pair UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cable • 100 meter max length
Classic 10Mbps Ethernet • Thick Ethernet (10base5) • Thick coaxial cable (0.5” diameter) • Up to 100 drops per segment • Drill vampire tap into cable • Large minimum bend radius • 500m max segment length • 4 repeaters max for 2.5km total length
Classic 10Mbps Ethernet • Thin Ethernet (10base2 802.3a) • RG58 coaxial cable • 185m max length, 30 drops max • Easy to implement, difficult to troubleshoot
Classic 10Mbps Ethernet • Twisted Pair Ethernet (10baseT 802.3i) • Standard 4x UTP (unshielded twisted pair) 24 AWG cable (uses 2 of the 4 pairs) • 100 meter max length • Need category 3 or better cable • Media supports full duplex operation • Can use external or internal tranceiver
Classic 10Mbps Ethernet • Twisted Pair Ethernet (10baseT 802.3i)
Ethernet Family • 10Mbps • “10baseT” over copper (100m) • “10baseFL” or “FOIRL” over fiber • 100Mbps • “100baseTX” over copper (100m) • “100baseFX” over fiber (2km) • 1Gbps • “1000baseT” over copper (100m) • “1000baseSX” over multimode fiber (550m) • “1000baseLX” over singlemode fiber (5km – 10km) • “1000baseZX” over singlemode fiber (70km) • 10Gbps • “10GBASE-E” • 10/100 Ethernet (over copper) • 10/100/1000 Ethernet (over copper)
Repeaters, Bridges, Routers • Repeaters (ISO model layer 1) • Regenerate ethernet signal to increase length • Ethernet hubs • Bridges (ISO model layer 2) • Reduce collision domain • Learn ethernet MAC addresses by listening and forward only when destination MAC known to be no other side or unknown • Implement spanning tree protocol to avoid loops • Routers (ISO model layer 3) • Reduce broadcast domain • Routes IP packets • Use routing table built from static routes and routing protocols to decide how to forward traffic
Layer 2 Switches • Basic models are like bridges, but with more ports • Fancier models are manageable, speak SNMP and TELNET server and allow for advanced features like • Segment ports into VLAN (Virtual LAN) groups • Handle multiple instances of spanning tree, one per VLAN • Use 802.1Q to “Trunk” between switches • MDI / MDI-X detection • VTP (VLAN Trunk Protocol) • Maintain error and other counters on a per-port basis • Useful in network lab environment to quickly change the topology
Layer 3 Switches • Function at Layer 3 like routers • Can switch packets very quickly in hardware • Offer limited routing protocol support • Generally a lot less expensive than a router when you need a large number of ports.
show cdp neighbor • cat2#sh cdp nei • Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge • S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater • Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID • cat1 Gig 0/1 154 T S WS-C3524-XGig 0/1 • R31 Fas 0/11 129 R 2500 Eth 0 • R30 Fas 0/12 175 R 2500 Eth 0 • R71 Fas 0/28 131 R 2500 Eth 0 • R60 Fas 0/23 164 R 2500 Eth 0 • R70 Fas 0/27 172 R 2500 Eth 0 • R51 Fas 0/19 159 R 2500 Eth 0 • R40 Fas 0/15 120 R 2500 Eth 0 • R41 Fas 0/16 174 R 2500 Eth 0 • R50 Fas 0/20 171 R 2500 Eth 0 • R91 Fas 0/36 166 R 2500 Eth 0 • R80 Fas 0/31 164 R 2500 Eth 0 • R81 Fas 0/32 139 R 2500 Eth 0
show interface • cat2#show interfaces FastEthernet 0/47 • FastEthernet0/47 is up, line protocol is up • Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 0004.9a36.38af (bia 0004.9a36.38af) • Description: R120 E0 • MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, • Auto-duplex (Half), Auto Speed (10), 100BaseTX/FX • 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec • 5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec • 329818 packets input, 57504066 bytes • Received 29056 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles • 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored • 0 watchdog, 5653 multicast • 0 input packets with dribble condition detected • 10693141 packets output, 874456402 bytes, 0 underruns • 0 output errors, 2 collisions, 1 interface resets • 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 6 deferred • 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier • 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Network Lab1 Cabling • For each network class workspace on table “X”, we have: • Computer Eth0 port to jack JX-9 • Computer Eth1 port to ethernet hub • First router E0 port to jack JX-11 • First router E1 port to ethernet hub • Second router E0 port to jack JX-12 • Second router E1 port to ethernet hub
show VLAN • cat2#show vlan • VLAN Name Status Ports • ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- • 1 default active Gi0/2 • 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, • Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, • Fa0/25, Fa0/26, Fa0/29, Fa0/30, • Fa0/33, Fa0/34, Fa0/37, Fa0/38, • Fa0/41, Fa0/42, Fa0/45, Fa0/46 • 11 VLAN11 active • 21 VLAN21 active Fa0/12 • 31 VLAN31 active Fa0/11, Fa0/15 • 41 VLAN41 active Fa0/16, Fa0/20 • 51 VLAN51 active Fa0/19, Fa0/23 • 61 VLAN61 active Fa0/24, Fa0/27 • 71 VLAN71 active Fa0/28, Fa0/32 • 81 VLAN81 active Fa0/31, Fa0/35 • 91 VLAN91 active Fa0/36, Fa0/40 • 101 VLAN101 active Fa0/39, Fa0/43 • 111 VLAN111 active Fa0/44, Fa0/48 • 121 VLAN121 active Fa0/47
Cat5 Ethernet Cables • Modular 8-position RJ45 connectors on both ends • PC network cards connect to HUBS with normal straight-through cables, transmit on pins 1&2, and listen on pins 3&6 • PC to PC, or HUB to HUB connections require a “crossover” cable where cable pins 1&2 and 3&6 are reversed • Routers and tranceivers are wired like PCs • Switches are wired like HUBs • Normal cables are usually blue or yellow or gray; crossover cables are usually red or orange but not always • Connect routers to each other with normal cables and a HUB or a crossover cable