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LAN/WAN Networking: An Overview

LAN/WAN Networking: An Overview. Chapter 1. Learning Objectives. Define and identify the different types of networks Describe the history of LANs and WANs Discuss LAN and WAN integration, including the basic functions of bridges, routers, gateways, and switches

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LAN/WAN Networking: An Overview

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  1. LAN/WAN Networking:An Overview Chapter 1

  2. Learning Objectives • Define and identify the different types of networks • Describe the history of LANs and WANs • Discuss LAN and WAN integration, including the basic functions of bridges, routers, gateways, and switches • Describe network protocol integration methods • Explain the preparatory steps of network design

  3. Computer Network • System of computers, print devices, and computer software linked by communications cabling or radio waves • Typically classified according to: • Reach and complexity • Protocols and topologies

  4. Network Communication

  5. Network Types Defined • Local area networks • Metropolitan area networks • Wide area networks

  6. Local Area Network (LAN) • Series of interconnected computers, printing devices, and other computer equipment that share hardware and software resources • Service area usually limited to a given office area, floor, or building

  7. Example of a LAN

  8. Metropolitan Area Network • Links multiple LANs in a large city or metropolitan region • Typically uses fiber-optic connections

  9. Example of a MAN

  10. Wide Area Network (WAN) • Far-reaching system of networks that usually extends over 30 miles and often reaches across states and continents

  11. Network Classification • Enterprise network • Combination of LANs, MANs, or WANs that provides users with an array of computer and network resources to complete different tasks

  12. Enterprise Network

  13. Identifying a Network Type • Communications medium • Wire cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, microwaves • Protocol • How networked data is formatted into discrete units • How each unit is transmitted and interpreted • Topology • Physical layout of cable and logical path • Network type • Private versus public

  14. 1800s Oersted Morse Undersea cable Pony Express Bell 1900s Transcontinental and transatlantic calls Voice digitization Electronic digital computers Transistors Sputnik Communications satellites ASCII Mass-produced minicomputers Events that Led up to LANs and WANs

  15. LAN/WAN History: 1960s • First WAN • Hypertext • Use of fiber optics for phone signals • Beginning of ARPANET • Packets and packet switching • UNIX • Telecommunications equipment • First IMP prototype

  16. Ethernet ARPANET - 15 sites E-mail Terminal emulation International connections to ARPANET Telecommunications conversion from analog to digital X.25 First wireless gateway Internet Protocol LSI and VLSI chips ICCB LAN/WAN History: 1970s

  17. BITNET IBM’s PC Dial-up modem technology TCP and IP adopted as protocol suite for ARPANET First PC LAN Arrival of Internet Internetwork hosts 5,000 in 1986 100,000 in 1989 “Cyberspace” T-carrier services NFSNET Desktop authoring and multimedia SNMP LAN/WAN History: 1980s

  18. LAN/WAN History: 1990s • ARPANET retired • SS7 technology • NSFNET opened to commercial use • First cyber-bank • Internet service providers • Over 16 million Internet hosts

  19. LAN/WAN History: 2000s • IPv6 used for Internet2 backbone communications • Video and radio capability • Prices of 1-Gbps devices fall as competition increases

  20. LAN/WAN Integration • 1960s-1980s • Direct connection to host mainframe using Systems Network Architecture (SNA) communications protocol • Networks • Allow connections to many devices • Enable distributed client/server computing

  21. Using SNA to Directly Connect without a Network

  22. LAN/WAN Integration • Becoming more advanced through networking devices • Bridges • Routers • Gateways • Switches

  23. Bridges • Connect different LANs or LAN segments using the same access method

  24. Routers • Connect networks having the same or different access methods and media • Forward packets and frames to networks by using a decision-making process based on: • Routing table data • Discovery of most efficient routes • Preprogrammed information from network administrator

  25. Routers

  26. Gateways • Enable communications between two different types of networked systems

  27. Gateways

  28. Switches • Link network segments • Forward and filter frames between segments

  29. Integrating Data Between LANs and WANs • Translation • Encapsulation • LAN emulation (LANE)

  30. Network Design Introduction • How networks work in terms of protocols, access methods, and topologies • Physical equipment used in LANs and WANs • Basic network design principles • Using structured wiring and structured networking techniques • Designing for multimedia and client/server applications • Taking advantage of LAN and WAN device characteristics continued…

  31. Network Design Introduction • Assess characteristics of the organization that affect network design • Types and locations of computers • Software applications and resources required • Business patterns • High and low network use periods • Designing to facilitate troubleshooting • Type of security required • Anticipated growth

  32. Chapter Summary • Basic networking terms and concepts • History and evolution of local and wide area networking technologies • Different methods of integrating short and long distance information networks • How to prepare for designing networks

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