age of the city

1. Tim Cantrell Age of the City

3. The City, cont�d Centers for Education-John Dewey and Progressive Education- Other Education Reforms-Law Schools, Medical Schools, Coeducation, Black Education-Electives Critics-Jacob Riis-How the Other Half Lives- Stephen Crane-Maggie: A Girl of the Streets-Upton Sinclair-The Jungle- Mark Twain- Critic of everything-The Guided Age

4. Conclusion-The City By 1920, a majority of the American people lived in cities. It was a place which provided better conditions and employment for people. Thanks to the productivity of the American farmer, we can still live in the cities. (Now 77% of the Population live in cities.) The city was the center for reform, education, and the economics of the nation.

5. Labor, cont�d American Federation of Labor(AFL)-Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, this union was successful because it used the strike as it�s chief weapon and it was for skilled workers only. It represented trade organizations and was federally organized by each state having an organization affiliated with the national organization. Gompers led until 1924. Affiliated with the CIO(unskilled) in 1955.AFL-CIO

6. Labor, Cont�d Other Early Unions-Most famous and successful was the United Mine Workers, founded by John Mitchell. John L. Lewis was a young miner during the famous Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902. He later led the union for many years and was the founder of the CIO in 1937. Union membership reached its max. in 1945-36%

7. Labor Legislation Government Policy toward labor until 1902 was to intervene on behalf of business. Example-Cleveland put down the Pullman Strike of 1894 with troops. During the Coal Strike of 1902, T. Roosevelt intervened as an arbitrator of a dispute between the miners and company. Result-Strike settled and TR created a new cabinet post.

8. Labor Legislation Department of Commerce and Labor-1903-This department was divided by Wilson into separate departments in 1913. Clayton Anti-Trust Act-1914-Labor Unions were exempt from anti-trust laws. Legalized strikes. Wagner Act of 1935-guaranteed the right of workers to organize. Set up NLRB Taft Hartley Law-1947-Pres. can end strike

9. Conclusion-Labor Labor gained a greater degree of equity with business. Unions improved the pay and working conditions for all workers because of the threat of union organization. Today�s membership is down to less than 15%, but everyone is treated better because unions exist. Unions usually endorse the Democrats, but are not as united now.

10. Social Aspects of Reconstruction Black-Scalawag-Carpetbagger Coalition Education Sharecropping White Supremacy Groups-KKK-Mississippi Plan of 1875 Jim Crow Economics-�The New South�

11. Factors Leading to the End of Reconstruction Readmission of the Southern States Liberal Republican Split of 1872 Amnesty Act of 1872(14th Amendment) Democrats take House in 1874 Election of 1876-Disputed Election decided by a committee, 8-7, when Republicans agreed to carry out the Democrat Platform.

12. Conclusion Created one Party South Caused Racial problems for the future Not enough done for the Blacks-they were not given a fair chance to own property Education Diversification of the Southern Economy