The Muscular System

1. The Muscular System

2. Muscle System Functions • Provides voluntary movement of body • Enables breathing, blinking, and smiling • Allows you to hop, skip, jump, or do push-ups • Maintains posture • Produces heat

3. Functions Continued • Causes heart beat • Directs circulation of blood • Regulates blood pressure • Sends blood to different areas of the body

4. Functions Continued • Provides movement of internal organs • Moves food through digestive tract • Enables bladder control • Causes involuntary actions • Reflex actions • Adjusts opening of pupils • Causes hair to stand on end ( )

5. Is made up of contractile fibers Provides movement Controlled by the nervous system Voluntary- consciously controlled Involuntary- not under conscious control Examples Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Muscle Tissue Characteristics Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

6. Types of Muscle Tissue • There are three main types of muscle tissue • Skeletal(striated) • Cardiac(heart) • Smooth(visceral)

7. Long + slender Branching Spindle shape Comparison of Muscle Types Muscle Type Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Attached to bone Walls of internal organs + in skin Heart Location Movement of bone Movement of internal organs Beating of heart Function Control Mode Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary Shape Striated- light and dark bandsMany nuclei StriatedOne or two nuclei Non-striatedOne nucleus(visceral) Characteristics

8. Quadriceps group Location of Muscles • SkeletalMuscles • Anterior view

9. Hastring group Locationof Muscles • SkeletalMuscles • Posteriorview

10. Muscles originate on a _____bone in our body, cross over a ______, and insert onto a ______ bone. It is important to understand that all muscles move from the ________ point going toward the __________ point. It is because of the placement of the muscles that we can move. Muscle Movement fixed joint moving insertion origination

11. Muscle Movement • Tendons • attach _________ to bone • are inelastic • don’t stretch when the force of the muscle acts on them • When muscle contracts, it pulls on the _______ • Individual muscles can only ____ in ____ direction • Muscles work in opposing ______ muscle bone pull one pairs

12. Muscle Movement Flexor • ______- Muscle that bends the joint when contracted. • ________- Muscle that straightens the joint when contracted. • __________ muscleis short, firm, tight and thicker around. • _______ muscle is stretched, long, loose and thinner around. Extensor Contracted Relaxed

13. When the biceps in the arm contracts the triceps ________ causing ________ of the arm. When the triceps in the arm _________ the bicepsrelaxes causing ____________ of the arm. ______ of muscles are needed because the only active _________ of a muscle is to _______, to lengthen it must be _________ by the action of an opposing _______. Muscle Movement relaxes bending contracts straightening Pairs movement contract stretched muscle

14. Let’s review the structures involved in movement at a joint. Ligament Tendon Cartilage Body (Belly) Origin Insertion Contracted muscle Relaxed muscle Flexor Extensor B C F Muscle + Bone Interaction A D C G E D C B F B F

15. Chicken wing dissection video link http://blip.tv/file/421508

16. Tendon

17. Ligament

18. Cartilage

19. Bone marrow

20. Phalanges • Manus (hand) • Alula (thumb) • Metacarpals • Carpal joint (wrist) F. Ulna G. Radius H. "Elbow“ I.  Humerus J. "Shoulder" joint http://www.unit5.org/villhauer/Biology/Power%20Points/The%20Muscle%20System.ppt