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Experiment 11 Molecular Geometry

Goal. Determine the shape, hybridization and polarity of a molecule using Lewis structures.. Background. There are several different bonding theories; the one used depends on the question asked.How are the electrons distributed? Lewis StructureWhat is the shape of the molecule? VSEPR theoryHow are the molecules put together? Hybridization theory.

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Experiment 11 Molecular Geometry

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    1. Experiment 11 Molecular Geometry

    3. Background There are several different bonding theories; the one used depends on the question asked. How are the electrons distributed? Lewis Structure What is the shape of the molecule? VSEPR theory How are the molecules put together? Hybridization theory

    4. Background – Lewis structures Draw a skeleton structure of the molecule or ion showing the arrangement of the atoms and then connect each atom to another with a single (two electron) bond. Give each outside atom (except for H) six more electrons, for a total of eight electrons. Count up the number of valence electrons. Determine the number of “leftover” electrons by taking the number of valence electrons minus the number of electrons in the Lewis structure. Any leftover electrons become lone electron pairs on the central atom. At this point, if all outside atoms are H or halogens, OR the central atoms has 8 electrons around it, then STOP!! Otherwise continue to step 7 Move unbonded electron pairs from outside atoms and use those pairs to form mulitple bonds between the outside atom whose pair was removed and the central atom. Keep doing this until the central atom has eight electrons around it. Please keep in mind the H and halogens will NOT form mulitple bonds.

    29. Sigma Bonds and Pi Bonds Each single bond (C – C) consists of one sigma bond Each double bond (C = C) consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond Each triple bond (C ? C) consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds (not AD Pi bonds…)

    30. Geometries and Hybridizations

    31. Geometries and Hybridizations

    37. Procedure Draw the Lewis structure. Determine the VSEPR formula of the molecule. Determine the number of s bonds and p bonds in the molecule. Determine the geometry of the molecule. Determine the hybridization on the central atom. Determine the polarity of the molecule. Draw a 3-D sketch of the molecule.

    38. Waste Disposal Be sure to return all “atoms” and “bonds” to their boxes.

    39. Safety There are no known hazards associated with this experiment.

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