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Philippines

Philippines. AGENDA. Languages & Religions. People & Migration Patterns. Ancient History. European Colonialism & Independence. LANGUAGES. Tagalog. English. RELIGIONS. Roman Catholic. 83%. Protestant. 9%. Muslims. 5%. 3%. Buddhists. PEOPLE.

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Philippines

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  1. Philippines

  2. AGENDA Languages & Religions People & Migration Patterns Ancient History European Colonialism & Independence

  3. LANGUAGES Tagalog English

  4. RELIGIONS Roman Catholic 83% Protestant 9% Muslims 5% 3% Buddhists

  5. PEOPLE Their ancestors (Malay stock) came from the southeastern Asian and Indonesia. Contacts with China resulted in a group of mixed Filipino-Chinese descent, who account for a minority of the population. A small percentage of Chinese nationals also live in the country. Spanish-Filipinos and Filipino-Americans distinguished by their fairer complexion, taller stature, and aquiline nose structure. The relatively small numbers of emigrants from the Indian subcontinent added to the population's racial mixture. There are small numbers of resident U.S. nationals and Spaniards. The aboriginal inhabitants of the islands were the Negritos, or Pygmies, also called Aetas or Balugas

  6. PEOPLE • Languages are all closely related, belonging to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family of languages. • Traditionally, eight major linguistic groups are identified. These are: (1) the Tagalog group (2) Cebuano (3) Ilocano (4) Hiligaynon (Ilongo) (5) Bicol (6) Waray–Waray (7) Pampango (8) Pangasinan

  7. MIGRATION

  8. MIGRATION • Labor migration • American colonial rule (1898-1930) – Farmers worked in plantations. • Many professionals in search of higher paying jobs in the 1950s. • Change in the pattern of migration among Filipinos during the time of Marcos. • Biggest labor exporting country in Asia and is ranked second in the world next to Mexico. • Since 1992, remittances have been growing by 35% annually. (today: US$ 7 bn) • Increase in remittance despite the decrease in the number of land-based OFWs was a sign that many undocumented Filipinos continue to go abroad.

  9. MIGRATION TRENDS OBSERVED • The volume of Filipinos working temporarily overseas over the years has been overwhelming in comparison to the volume of people leaving the country to reside permanently abroad • Predominance of the Middle East as a work destination gave way to the emergence of Asia in the mid-eighties and nineties. • An increasing feminization of these streams in the mid-eighties and the nineties. • An ever increasing proportion of service workers, particularly domestic helpers in the mid-eighties and nineties.

  10. PREHISTORY & AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • Philippines – archipelago of 7,107 islands, just 2000 inhabited. • At last ice age 18,000 years ago sea beds were joined at about 50m below present water level. • Earliest human bones found 22,000 B.C. • Ancestors of todays Philippinos are Negritos and Aeta. • The central role of women in horticultural societies tends to have political and sociological consequences. • The honoured position of women

  11. AUSTRONESIAN EXPANSION & HINDIC-BUDDHIST KINGDOMS • Austronesian-speaking culture started their colonization of Luzon around 2,500 B.C. • Austronesian kinship system gave higher prestige and gave an incentive for further expansion. • Chinese trade with Kingdoms in the Malayan region in gold after loss of control on Silk Road. • Distinct Hindic-Buddhist influences by the Indian subcontinent with which they traded. • 100 kingdoms recorded by Chinese between 222-280.

  12. SRI VIJAYA • 618 A.D. renewed stability in China stimulated trade through Indo-Malayan archipelago. • Sri Vajaya from Sumatra dominant from 650-1200, but finally lost control when smaller kingdoms allied with Chinese to gain control of the region and trade. • Hindic-Buddhism in the archipelago remained localized in the Straits.

  13. ISLAM & SULTANATE OF MALACCA • Arab-Chinese trade routes developed since 750 A.D. • The rising of Islam in the region added a vigorous and political dimension to commerce. • Sultanate of Malacca spread Islam in the region as it grew strong and monopolized trade in the Straits by 1450 AD.

  14. SPANISH COLONY • Arrival of Ferdindand Magellan in 1521 • Phillipines named by Ruy Lopez de Villalobosafter Phillip II of Spain • Two lasting effects of the Spanish rule on Philippine society: • near universal conversion of the population to Roman Catholicism • creation of a landed elite • Movement for independence evolved and in 1872 • 200 Filipino recruits revolted and murdered their Spanishofficers in Cavite - the Spanish suppressed the revolt brutally

  15. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR WORLD WAR II 1899 1942 1898 1901 1941 1945 • April 25, 1898 - United States declare war on Spain • June 12, 1898 - Independence of the Philippines proclaimed • August 13, 1898 - Americans take possession of Manila • 1899-1901- Philippine War of Independence • December 8, 1941 Japanese attack • May 6, 1942 - Americans / Philippines surrender • September 2, 1945 - Japanese surrender

  16. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 1948 1957 1965 1961 1953 1946 • July 4, 1946 - Manuel Roxasbecomes the • first President of Republic of • the Philippines • 1948-1953 Elpidio Quirino • 1953-1957 Magsaysay • 1957-1961 Carlos Garcia • 1961-1965 Diosdado Macapagal

  17. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 1965 1983 1992 2001 1972 1986 1998 • 1965-1986 Ferdinand Marcos • 1972 - declaration of martial law • 1983 – Assassination of opposition figure • Benigno Aquino • 1986-1992 Corazon Aquino • 1992-1998 Fidel Ramos • 1998-2001 Joseph Estrada • Since 2001 Gloria Arroyo

  18. ECONOMIC FIGURES (2002)

  19. Considerations in operating a business in the Philippines: • Political stability recovered by Arroyo-M., butthreat by Muslim insurgency • Religionyeta unifying factor & enhances adaptability to Western business customs • Necessity of catering to different language groupsinsignificant • Logistical complexityby geography • Legal system based on Anglo-American and Spanish law

  20. Considerations in operating a business in the Philippines: • Ready supply of highly skilled labor (professional, technical, managerial and workers) • Labor costs aligned with S.E.Asia, but compensation according to productivity and fluency in English • Economic potential underestimated / intangibles: • Western consumer lifestyle (young) • informal sector (25-40% of GNP) • overseas remittances (US$ 7bn!)

  21. THANK YOU

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