Sample Report on Financial Markets –EDF Energy

1. Sample Report On Financial Markets –EDF Energy Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

2. Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Sources of finance ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. Considerations for selecting source of finance ........................................................................... 3 3. Capital structure of the company ................................................................................................ 5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 7 References ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

3. List of figures Figure 1: Capital structure of EDF energy ...................................................................................... 6 Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

4. Introduction Every business unit whether public sector undertaking or private sector unit needs to make investment from time- to-time. It is essential for organization to acquire funds from valid and appropriate sources of finances. This in turn ensures availability of funds at reasonable cost and smooth running of business operations (Jonsson, 2008). The report herewith deals with case of EDF energy, one of the leading energy suppliers. It describes sources of finance suitable for the business unit, factors that are taken into consideration for selecting source of finance. Lastly, it describes manner in which capital structure of business unit affects financing decision. The report provides an in-depth overview of manner in which finances are acquired efficiently. 1. Sources of finance The business unit has an access to various financing option through which funds requirement can be met. List of sources that are available to business unit for acquiring finances are mentioned and described in brief underneath. Bank Loans: This is the financing option that enables business unit to acquire funds by way of easy bank loans available. The source of finance enables to meet business requirement for both long term and short term (Nogueira, Jorge and Oliver, 2013). It assists in increasing business capital in the form of debt and carries specific rate of interest. Cost of capital in the form of interest rates is charged as per the credit worthiness of organization. The alternative is suitable for business units with low leverage position and high credit worthiness. In addition, the company should also be capable of making interest payments on regular basis and repayment after specified duration of time. Debentures and corporate bonds: The public listed companies have option to increase leverage in the organization by issuing debentures and bonds. This is a financing option with high amount of costs in the form of floating cost and interest expenses. The option is suitable for raising funds for long term and meets requirement of large amount of funds (Bierman and Smidt, 2003). It is the costliest financing option and is suitable in limited circumstances. Retained earnings: Every business unit irrespective of their size creates reserve and surplus fund for making utilization within the organization. This funds are saved in the form of Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

5. retained earnings. In order to meet short term business requirement the organization can utilize certain proportion of retained earnings. The source of finance has no cost associated with it and is suitable to meet various kinds of business requirements. The retained earnings helps in making arrangement of funds in cases of uncertainties and short term business requirements (Suto and et.al., 2007). Being an internal source of finance; it is easily assessable and carries no cost of capital. Sample Report on Financial Markets –EDF Energy For Complete Essay Writing Kindly Mail us at: help@instantessaywriting.com Issue of equity shares: Equity shares are issued in order to raise proportion of equity by infusing funds in the form of owners' capital. The business unit can acquire funds by way of equity capital in order to meet long term requirement. The financing option does not involves payment of interests on regular basis (Riley, 2012). However, it transfers ownership in hands of shareholders in the form of voting rights. Cost connected to the financing option is large amount of floating cost. This cost is written off in future every year proportionately from net income of the business unit. In case of meeting requirement of significant amount of funds for long term the issue of equity capital is suitable. It is also appropriate in cases whereby business units need to infuse more amount of funds in the form of equity capital. Leasing and Hire purchase: The business unit can also arrange funds externally for acquisition of plant and machinery through leasing and hire purchase option. The alternatives Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

6. help in acquiring assets that derives benefit for long term. In case of leasing the agreement is established between lessor and lessee. Lessor is the real owner of assets who allows lessee to use them in return of certain specific sum of money on monthly or quarterly basis. The amount is charged in the form of rent that is a sort of interest payment on initial outlay of lessor and value of depreciation of assets. It is suitable source of financing for plant and machinery that is required for specific duration of time. In case of hire purchase the business unit is enable to acquire assets on periodic payment for cost of assets. This payment is made in the form of installments and includes the cost of machinery plus respective interest on same. The option helps in acquiring required fixed assets without involvement of one-time payment of large sum of money. Henceforth, is appropriate for business unit that is in need of machinery for long term and is not capable of making one time payment for same. The organization can raise funds externally by way of debentures, corporate bonds, bank loans and equity capital. It is the responsibility of management to judge suitability of each financing option as per the nature of business unit and its requirement (Riley, 2012). An in-depth evaluation and analysis will help in identifying most suitable source of finance and raising funds from the same. 2. Considerations for selecting source of finance Range of factors affect financing decision of the business unit. It is through detailed analysis of various sources of finance that the management will be able to acquire funds form appropriate sources. The management should consider following factors for selecting an adequate source of finance. Cost of capital: In modern era not even a single pound is available without costs of acquiring it. Henceforth, each source of finance has one or other costs associated in monetary and non-monetary terms (Jonsson, 2008). The clear picture of costs of different financing option should be analyzed so as to acquire funds from most reasonable source of finance. An evaluation of various costs involved is necessary to identify its suitability to different business requirement. Dilution of ownership: The business unit should also identify its desire to dilute ownership in hands of shareholders. In case of raising funds by way of equity capital ownership Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

7. is transferred to respective shareholders. The organization with sufficient proportion of voting rights in hands of promoters can go for equity capital. However, the one with limited amount of ownership has an option to acquire funds through debt capital. It is also one of the important factors that determines business decision to raise funds (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). This is due to reason that some of public listed companies allow shareholders' participation while others don't encourage their participation in decision making process. Capital structure of the business unit: Another important factor that helps in selecting most suitable source of finance is capital structure of the company. It is proportion of debt and equity involved in the business unit that helps in deciding future financing option. In case of high leverage enterprises; acquiring funds through debt capital is suitable and appropriate option. On contrary, businesses with low leverage position should go for equity capital. The rational behind analyzing business capital structure for acquiring long term funds is maintaining an ideal debt- equity ratio (Keller, 2013). The organization should strive to employ capital in manner that proportion of equity and debt are balanced. Sample Report on Financial Markets –EDF Energy For Complete Essay Writing Kindly Mail us at: help@instantessaywriting.com Repayment terms: Majority of external financing option has an obligation of repayment of amount acquired on time. This in turn makes it essential for business unit to evaluate all terms Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

8. and conditions before acquiring funds through external sources of finance (Rashid, 2014). The financing option with repayment terms that suit to business requirements and its capability should be selected for acquiring funds. Some of the alternatives such as bank loans also allow repayment through periodic installments. It is the capability of business unit to make either one time repayment or partial repayments through installment that helps in deciding most suitable financing option. Accessibility to funds: The business unit also selects suitable source of finance on the basis of its ease of access. There are certain options that helps in acquiring funds without any complexities and lesser legal formalities. However, other funds has difficult access and involve lot of complexities (Rashid, 2014). The business unit always strives to acquire funds through the option that is easily accessible. This in turn helps in meeting financial requirement of the organization with ease and simplicity. Transferability: In case of various debt options the business unit has benefit to transfer loan to third. The option helps in reducing liability by transferring it to relevant parties. This in turn helps in acquisition of funds and reducing business liability. The clause is suitable fir various circumstances and benefits the organization into concern. Henceforth, the business unit should try to avail additional benefits available with innovative financing options now -a- days. The business unit should evaluate various sources of finance available on above factors or considerations. This in turn helps in determines most suitable and appropriate source of financing. It also results in acquiring required amount of funds with efficiency and at reasonable cost of capital. 3. Capital structure of the company Capital structure is the framework that describes proportion of the debt and equity employed within the business unit. In other words, the manner in which business unit finances all its investment through combination of debt and equity is determined by way of capital structure. The management should have complete knowledge regarding the amount of debt and equity employed in business unit (The comptroller and auditor general, 2008). This in turn assists in future financing decision and enable business unit to acquire funds through most suitable option. The capital structure for EDF energy needs to be analyzed for selecting most Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

9. suitable financing option. It is through calculation of debt-equity ratio that capital structure of the organization can be sketched. The same is calculated below and presented in the graphical form. ???? ???? ???? ?ℎ???ℎ?????′? ?????? ???? − ?????? ????? = ???? − ?????? ????? =46980 30712 ???? − ?????? ????? = 1.53 The debt equity ratio suggests that business unit is employing higher amount of debt in comparison to shareholder's equity. The organization has debt equals to approximately 1.53 times of equity (Jonsson, 2008). Capital structure 30712 Debt 46980 Equity Figure 1: Capital structure of EDF energy As per the ideal ratio of 1:2; equity should be double of debt. In present case the organization has employed equity lower than debt. The business unit henceforth should increase equity capital so as to be at least at equivalent level to that of debt. In order to improve stability position of the business unit equity capital should be employed. It is through issue of more amount of equity shares or utilization of retained earnings that business unit will be able to infuse more amount of funds in the form of owner's capital (Nogueira, Jorge and Oliver, 2013). In order to acquire funds for long term through external source of financing; the business unit should opt for issuing equity capital. The financing option although involves dilution of ownership; it helps in meeting financial requirement of business unit without any obligation for Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

10. interest payment or repayment. It also supports business strategy to increase equity capital so as to support debt obligations in the long term (Suto and et.al., 2007). Henceforth, as per the capital structure of the company business unit should acquire funds by way of issuing equity capital. Conclusion The report is an attempt made to analyze the manner in which long term financing requirement of business unit can be satisfied. The report through analysis of case for EDF energy brings forth the fact that money should be infused through appropriate sources of finances. The report discussed above brings forth various sources of finances and their respective implications. It is through analysis of financing options on the basis of various factors that affect financing decision; the business unit can decide most suitable source of finance. Moreover, the nature of business unit and its requirement should also determines most suitable financing option. The evaluation through out report concludes that EDF energy should acquire funds by way of raising equity capital. It is due to the fact that business unit requires funds for long term and its capital structure suggest high leverage position of the business unit. Sample Report on Financial Markets –EDF Energy For Complete Essay Writing Kindly Mail us at: help@instantessaywriting.com Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.

11. References Bierman, H., and Smidt, S., 2003. Financial Management for Decision Making. Beard Books. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M., 2013. Financial Management: Theory & Practice. Cengage learning. HNC business, 2014. Managing Financial Resources and Decisions. [Online]. Available through< http://www.hnc-business.co.uk/unit2.html >. [Accessed on 24th June 2014]. Jonsson, S., 2008. Industry-embedded financial decision making: The case of a fashion firm. International Journal of Bank Marketing. 26(1). pp.42–56. Jonsson, S., 2008. Industry-embedded financial decision making: The case of a fashion firm. International Journal of Bank Marketing. 26 (1). pp.42 – 56. Keller, A., 2013. Finance and financial management. GRIN Verlag. Nogueira, S. P. S., Jorge F. M. S., and Oliver, C. M., 2013. The usefulness of financial reporting for internal decision-making in Portuguese municipalities. Management Research: The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management. 11(2). pp.178 – 212. Rashid, A., 2014. Firm external financing decisions: explaining the role of risks.Managerial Finance. 40(1). pp.97–116. Riley, J., 2012. Sources of finance-choosing the right source. [Online]. Available through: <http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/finance_choosing_right_sources.htm>. [Accessed on 24th June 2014]. Suto, I., and et.al., 2007. Financial decision-making: guidance for supporting financial decision making by people with learning disabilities. BILD Publications. The comptroller and auditor general, 2008. [PDF]. Managing financial resources to deliver better Availablethrough:<http://www.nao.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2008/02/0708240.pdf >. [Accessed on 24th June 2014]. public services. Toll Free No: +1 213-929-5632 E-mail: help@instantessaywriting.com Get best Anthropology Essay Writing Service by the expert writers of Instant Essay Writing, we provide best writing services to students.