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Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD. Unit 1 Matter and Motion. Chapter 2: The Properties of MatterSection 1: What Is Matter?Section 2: Describing MatterChapter 3: States of MatterReview the States of MatterChapter 4: Matter in MotionSection 1: Measuring MotionSection 2: What is Force?Section 3: Friction: A Force That Opposes MotionSection 4: Gravity: A Force of Attraction.

JasminFlorian
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Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

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    1. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    2. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Unit 1 Matter and Motion

    3. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD What is Matter? Cite: http://www.magicaweb.com/alienplaces/ice/ice4.jpg

    4. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD What is Matter? Chapter 2 Section 1

    5. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Matter is everything that has mass and volume. What is Matter?

    6. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Matter takes up space. This is known as volume. No item can take up the space of another object. What is Matter?

    7. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Let’s prove that no object can take up the space of another object. 1. Crumple a piece of paper and tightly fit it in the bottom of a clear plastic cup. 2. Turn the cup upside down and lower the cup in a bucket of water. 3. Why didn’t the paper get wet? What is Matter? Quick lab page 39 in your textbook.Quick lab page 39 in your textbook.

    8. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Liters and milliliters express volume of liquids. Use a graduated cylinder to measure volume. Measure the meniscus or the bottom of the curve. What is Matter?

    9. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD To practice finding volume go to the following website: http://www2.newpaltz.edu/~gaines79/powerpoint_files/frame.htm What is Matter? Have materials ready ahead of time so students can practice finding volume.Have materials ready ahead of time so students can practice finding volume.

    10. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Solid Volume is expressed in cubic units- cm3 Volume= length x width x height. What is Matter?

    11. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Measuring the Volume of Solids Follow the step to find the volume of a solid. 1. Record your volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder. 2. Drop in a solid object. 3. The water level will rise. 4. Record new level of water. 5. Find the difference between the old water level and the new water level. 6. Record the volume of the solid in units cubed. 7. This is known as displacement.

    12. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD What is Matter?

    13. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD What is Matter? Mass is the amount of matter that something is made of. Mass is expressed in units of grams (g) and milligrams (mg).

    14. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Mass is the matter an object is made up of. Mass is constant. Mass is found using a balance. Mass is measured in mg, g, kg. What is Matter?

    15. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Weight is due to gravitational force. Weight varies in relationship to the Earth. Weight is found using a spring scale. Weigh is measured in newtons. What is Matter?

    16. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. What is matter? Let’s Review

    17. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Matter is anything that has volume and mass. Answer

    18. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 2. How is volume measured? How is mass measured? Let’s Review

    19. Chapter 2 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Volume of a liquid is measured using a graduated cylinder. Volume of a solid can be measured by l x w x h or by displacement. Mass of an object is measured by using a balance. Answer

    20. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    21. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD How Can Matter Be Measured and Compared?

    22. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Describing Matter Physical properties of matter can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.

    23. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Examples of Physical Properties Color Ductility Odor Malleability Thermal Conductivity Density Solubility State Touch Turn to page 44 in your text to see these examples and more.Turn to page 44 in your text to see these examples and more.

    24. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Density is the amount of matter in a given space. Density = Mass/Volume Describing Matter Any Density Lab (example Determining Density page 604 in text).Any Density Lab (example Determining Density page 604 in text).

    25. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD In a graduated cylinder, pour in different liquids. See which one goes to the top and which sinks to the bottom. Use detergent, corn oil, water, shampoo, syrup, dish soap and any other liquids.Use detergent, corn oil, water, shampoo, syrup, dish soap and any other liquids.

    26. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Describing Matter Chemical properties describe matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties.

    27. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Describing Matter Flammability is the ability to burn. Oxidation is the reaction with oxygen to form rust.

    28. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Physical Changes effect one or more physical properties of a substance. Examples: Freezing water to ice Sanding a piece of wood Cutting your hair Doesn’t change the identity of the matter. Describing Matter

    29. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Describing Matter Chemical change happens when two or more substances are changed into one or more new substances with different properties.

    30. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Change of color Heat Fizzing or foaming Production light or sound Describing Matter Core Lab- White Before Your Eyes pages 52-53 in text or any powder lab.Core Lab- White Before Your Eyes pages 52-53 in text or any powder lab.

    31. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Practice some examples of physical and chemical properties: Describing Matter

    32. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Density is mass/volume. Determine the density of an unknown substance and use a graphing calculator to analyze data taken in a laboratory. Pre-AP Extension What’s That Liquid page 258 in the LTF book. Good time to introduce the graphing calculators.What’s That Liquid page 258 in the LTF book. Good time to introduce the graphing calculators.

    33. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review

    34. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Reacts with water- chemical Dissolves in oil- physical Is blue- physical Doesn’t react with hydrogen- chemical Answer

    35. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 2. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can chemically combine to make water. How do the physical and chemical properties of the original substances (hydrogen and oxygen) differ from those of the new substance (water)? Let’s Review

    36. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Hydrogen and oxygen are colorless gases and are not very dense. Hydrogen is flammable and oxygen enables substances to burn. Water is a liquid, is denser than the two gases, and is not flammable. Answer

    37. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 3. Using one physical property, classify the following substance as a group: water, oil, mercury, and alcohol. Let’s Review

    38. Chapter 2 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Accept any reasonable answer: All are liquid at room temperature. Answer

    39. Chapter 3 Review Only Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    40. Chapter 3 Review Only Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD What Are Three States of Matter?

    41. Chapter 3 Review Only Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The four states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Click here to review the four states of matter and their properties. Develop a concept map with the four states of matter and their properties.

    42. Chapter 3 Review Only Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Describe the characteristics of the primary three states of matter and observe matter moving from one state to another. State of Matter Lab from the LTF book page 398.State of Matter Lab from the LTF book page 398.

    43. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    44. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD What Are Three States of Matter?

    45. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The object that appears to stay in place is a reference. When the object changes position in relation to a reference point over a period of time, the object is in motion.

    46. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Earth surface Buildings Trees Mountains

    47. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The rate at which an object moves is speed. Speed depends on distance and time. Core Lab- Any speed lab (example: Build for Speed page 607 in text.Core Lab- Any speed lab (example: Build for Speed page 607 in text.

    48. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Velocity is the speed of an object in a particular direction. 5km/h north Velocity = Speed + direction How does speed and velocity differ??

    49. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Constant Velocity is if the speed and direction don’t change. It will follow a straight line. Change in velocity will occur if the speed or direction change= 5km/h south to 10 km/h south.

    50. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Resultant Velocity is combining two velocities. When two velocities are moving in the same direction- add them together. When two velocities are moving in different directions- subtract. See page 89 in text for some examples.See page 89 in text for some examples.

    51. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. Increase in speed= positive acceleration Decrease in speed = deceleration

    52. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The formula for average acceleration is Acceleration= Final Velocity – Starting Velocity Time it takes to change velocity

    53. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    54. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD You are always moving because the Earth is always moving. Centripetal acceleration is acceleration that occurs in circular motion.

    55. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Energy is the ability to work. Potential Energy is the energy an object has because of its shape or position. Kinetic energy is energy in motion.

    56. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Let’s practice some with speed and acceleration Click here

    57. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD A graph is a mathematical representation of a real life situation. Using the graphing calculator, explore the concepts of distance, time and velocity through physical motion. Hiker Lab page 466 in the LTF book.Hiker Lab page 466 in the LTF book.

    58. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. What is a reference point?

    59. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD A reference point is an object that appears to stay in place relative to another object that is being observed, and is used to determine if the object being observed is in motion.

    60. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    61. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Graph 1 shows speed Graph 2 shows acceleration

    62. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 3. What is the difference between speed and velocity?

    63. Chapter 4 Section 1 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Speed does not include direction, while velocity does.

    64. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    65. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    66. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    67. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Scientists express force using Newton (N)

    68. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Motion doesn’t need to occur to exert a force on an object. For example: you sitting in a chair.

    69. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD More than one force can act on an object. Net force is the force that results from combining all the forces exerted on an object. For example : moving a piano. Page 93 and 94 have some examples of balanced and unbalanced forces.Page 93 and 94 have some examples of balanced and unbalanced forces.

    70. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD When the net force is greater than zero - unbalanced force. Unbalanced forces produce a change in motion. Soccer - what moves the ball? What causes the piano to move?

    71. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD When the net force is zero the object doesn’t move. Light hanging from ceiling birds nest in a tree hat resting on your head

    72. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    73. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    74. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the initial force applied to it. Test the strength of different materials by applying compressive, tensile, and sheer force. Force in the Forest CD Holt Science and Technology Interactive.Force in the Forest CD Holt Science and Technology Interactive.

    75. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. Explain the differences between balanced and unbalanced forces, and explain how each force affects the motion of an object?

    76. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Unbalanced Forces occur when the net force on an object is not zero, while balanced forces occur when the net force equals to zero. Unbalanced forces cause a change in an object’s motion, while balanced forces cause no change.

    77. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 2. In the picture, two dogs are playing tug of war. The arrow shows the direction in which the two dogs are moving. Describe how the speed, direction of motion, and position of the dog on the left is changed by the other dog.

    78. Chapter 4 Section 2 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The speed of the dog on the left is increasing because more force is being applied by the dog on the left. The direction of motion is to the left. The dog on the right is moving to the left also.

    79. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    80. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    81. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching. What is the force that stops this ball?

    82. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Friction occurs because the surface of any object is rough. Hills and valleys of one surface stick to the hills and valleys of another.

    83. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Rougher surfaces create more friction- more hills and valleys Greater force creates more friction.

    84. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Sliding Friction - two objects are sliding across each other. Rolling Friction- object rolling over a surface. Fluid Friction- involves fluids and gases. Static Friction- holds object in place until greater force is applied to move the object.

    85. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD How can friction be harmful or helpful in a car?

    86. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD To reduce friction use lubricants such as motor oil, wax or grease. Use rolling friction instead of sliding friction to make a job easier. Make the surface smoother.

    87. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. Make the surfaces rougher. 2. Increase the force- push the surfaces together. Friction 500 page 97 or Science Friction page 608 in text.Friction 500 page 97 or Science Friction page 608 in text.

    88. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Friction is a force the resists motion. Study the effects of surface smoothness and the nature of materials in contact on sliding friction. Friction Experiment 29 from the Middle School Science with Calculator book. (need force sensors)Friction Experiment 29 from the Middle School Science with Calculator book. (need force sensors)

    89. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. How can friction change the speed of an object?

    90. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Friction can speed objects up or slow objects down by increasing or decreasing friction.

    91. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 2. Name three common items you might use to increase friction.

    92. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Sticky tape Sand Work gloves

    93. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 3. List the type of friction and explain each.

    94. Chapter 4 Section 3 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Sliding Friction - two objects are sliding across each other. Rolling Friction- object rolling over a surface. Fluid Friction- involves fluids and gases. Static Friction- holds object in place until greater force is applied to move the object.

    95. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    96. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    97. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Gravity is the force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses. Gravity can effect the position of an object or the direction of an object.

    98. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD All matter is affected by gravity because all matter has mass. Gravitational force pulls objects toward each other. Earth’s gravitational force is large thus you must apply force to overcome its gravity.

    99. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD There's a big gravity low off the coast of India, where there are thought to be the remains of some old mantle features associated with the plate tectonics of India that led it to collide with the Himalayas. There's a big gravity high in the South Pacific, also thought to be due to mantle structures. Click here to see an image of the Bumpy Earth, an exaggerated map of Earth's gravity field.

    100. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

    101. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD The Law of Universal Gravitation states the unbalanced forces are needed to move objects and there is a relationship between gravitation force, mass, and distance.

    102. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. Gravitational force increases as mass increases. 2. Gravitational force decreases as distance increases.

    103. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. 100 grams = 1N

    104. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Mass Amount of matter in an object doesn’t change. Weight Changes when gravitational force changes.

    105. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Measure the mass and weight of several objects to verify the relationship between mass and weight on the surface of the Earth. Relating Mass and Weight lab page 609 in textbook.Relating Mass and Weight lab page 609 in textbook.

    106. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 1. How does gravity affect the path of the a ball when you throw it?

    107. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Gravity pulls the ball downward after the ball leaves your hand. So the ball travels along a curved path.

    108. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD 2. How does the distance between objects affect the gravity between them?

    109. Chapter 4 Section 4 Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD As the distance between objects increases, the gravitational force between them decrease. As the distance between objects decreases, the gravitational force between them increases.

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