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Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD. Unit 6 Earth Systems and Structure. Chapter 17: The Restless EarthSection 1: Inside the EarthSection 2: Continents on the Move Review only.Section 3: Tectonic ForcesSection 4: Building MountainsChapter 18: The Flow of Fresh WaterSection 1: The Active RiverSect

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Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

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    1. Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    2. Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Unit 6 Earth Systems and Structure

    3. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth

    4. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth

    5. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth The outer layer of the Earth in less dense than the inner layer. Three main layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, core.

    6. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The crust ranges from 5-100 km . Continental crust is made of light and less dense materials: silicon, oxygen and aluminum. Oceanic crust is made of heavy and more dense materials: iron, calcium, and magnesium. Inside the Earth

    7. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The mantle is between the crust and the core. It is very thick and has the most mass. We infer what the mantle looks like by looking at the surface of the Earth. The mantle is made of iron and magnesium. Inside the Earth

    8. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The core begins at the bottom of the mantle and ends at the center. The core is made of iron, nickel , sulfur and oxygen. Inside the Earth

    9. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD When we study the Earth we look at the physical properties of its layers: Temperature, density and ability to flow( viscosity) Inside the Earth

    10. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer core Inner core Inside the Earth

    11. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The lithosphere is the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. It is divided into pieces called plates. Inside the Earth

    12. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth The asthenosphere is the soft layer on which the plates move. It is solid rock, flow very slowly.

    13. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth The mesosphere is the strong lower part of the mantle.

    14. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth The outer core is the liquid layer that slowly circulates. Electrical currents within it generate the Earth’s magnetic field. Every 100,000years or so, the magnetic field reverses itself.

    15. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth The inner core is a solid, dense center. Temperature is around 4300 degrees Celsius. Scientist know this by recreating pressures like that of the core.

    16. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Earthquakes give us the answers about the earth interior through seismic waves or vibrations. They travel through the Earth at different speeds. For examples- Seismic wave through rock travels faster than through liquid. Seismographs measure the times at which different waves arrive, and record the speed. Inside the Earth

    17. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Inside the Earth

    18. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Click here to view the interior of the earth. Inside the Earth

    19. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Build a model of the Earth using peanut butter, jelly, chocolate chips, dried milk and honey. Relate each substance to each layer of the Earth. Inside the Earth Rescue to the Center of the Earth from Holt Science and TechnologyRescue to the Center of the Earth from Holt Science and Technology

    20. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Take a journey to the center of the Earth by creating a scale model of the Earth. Along the way, explore each layer and examine the characteristics of each layer. Pre-AP Extension Journey to the Center of the Earth from http://www.eas.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/journey/journey/htmJourney to the Center of the Earth from http://www.eas.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/journey/journey/htm

    21. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. Explain why seismic waves travel more rapidly through the mesosphere than through the outer core. Let’s Review

    22. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Seismic waves travel more rapidly through the mesosphere because the mesosphere is solid and densely packed, while the outer core is liquid. Answer

    23. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. What is the difference between continental and oceanic crust? Let’s Review

    24. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust. Continental crust is mostly silicon, oxygen, and aluminum. Oceanic crust is rich in magnesium, iron and calcium. Answer

    25. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 3. How is the lithosphere different from the asthenosphere? Let’s Review

    26. Chapter 17 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The lithosphere is rigid and is divided into tectonic plates. The asthenosphere is a layer of mantle material that flows very slowly. Answer

    27. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    28. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    29. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Stress is the amount of force per unit area put on a given object. Deformation is the rock changing due to stress. Three things determine how much stress a rock can handle: composition, temperature and amount of pressure. Tectonic Forces

    30. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces Compression is when two plates collide. (squeezing) Tension is when two plates pulling away from each other. (stretching)

    31. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Folding is the bending of rock Anticline are arch-shaped folds. Syncline are trough-shaped folds. Monocline are rocks that have vertical stress and the ends are still horizontal. Tectonic Forces

    32. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    33. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    34. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Cite: http://www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/images/structure%20images/anticline%20from%20Wind%20Rivers.jpg Tectonic Forces

    35. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    36. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Faulting is breaking of rocks Footwall is one side of the rock. Hanging wall is the other side of the rock. A normal fault is when the rocks pull away from each other, the hanging wall moves down. A reverse fault is when rocks are pushed together, the hanging wall is pushed up. Tectonic Forces

    37. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    38. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    39. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Strike-slip Fault is when the rock breaks and move horizontally. Tectonic Forces

    40. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Tectonic Forces

    41. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Using play dough, model the layers of the Earth and see what happens when the plates move. Tectonic Forces Any Folding or Faulting lab- example page 474.Any Folding or Faulting lab- example page 474.

    42. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. Name tow types of stress, and describe how they affect the Earth’s surface. Let’s Review

    43. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Compression squeezes the crust together and forms folds and reverse faults. Tension pulls the crust apart and forms mid-ocean ridges and normal faults. Answer

    44. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. What is the difference between a normal fault and a reverse fault? Let’s Review

    45. Chapter 17 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD A normal fault forms as a result of tensional stress and the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. A reverse fault forms as a result of compressional stress, and the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. Answer

    46. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Building Mountains

    47. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Building Mountains

    48. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Most mountain ranges form where plates collide- convergent boundary. Uplift is the process by which regions of the crust are raised to a higher elevation. Building Mountains

    49. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Building Mountains

    50. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Folded Mountains are formed when rock layers are squeezed together. Appalachians Fault - Block Mountains are formed when faulting causes large blocks of the crust to drop down. Tetons Volcanic Mountains are formed when molten rocks erupts onto the Earth’s surface. Divergent boundary. Building Mountains

    51. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Building Mountains

    52. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Building Mountains

    53. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Building Mountains

    54. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD You are going to research a mountain and find a photograph of the mountain. We will place all the different mountains around the room and you will tour the museum. Building Mountains Mountain Museum page 472 in the textbook.Mountain Museum page 472 in the textbook.

    55. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD It can takes millions of years for a mountain to form or sometimes just a few years. Research a mountain and create a timeline on the formation of the mountain. Pre-AP Extension Timeline of Mountain Formation page 473.Timeline of Mountain Formation page 473.

    56. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. Name and describe the type of tectonic stress that forms folded mountains. Let’s Review

    57. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Folded mountains form when compression pushes layers of rock into huge folds. Answer

    58. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. Name and describe the type of tectonic stress that forms fault-block mountains. Let’s Review

    59. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Fault-block mountains form when tension pulls rock apart and causes a large number of normal faults to form. Answer

    60. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 3. Explain how volcanic mountains change the surface of the Earth. Let’s Review

    61. Chapter 17 Section 4 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Volcanic mountains change the surface of the Earth by adding material to it. Answer

    62. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River

    63. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River

    64. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River Erosion is the removal and transport of rock and soil by the flow of water and by the action of wind , ice and gravity.

    65. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The water cycle is a continuous movement of water. Parts of the water cycle are: 1. Condensation is when water vapors cool and change into liquid water droplets that form clouds. 2. Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from the clouds to the Earth’s surface. The Active River

    66. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 3. Evaporation takes place when liquid water from the Earth’s surface changes into water vapor. Energy from the sun causes evaporation. 4. Water vapor is also added to the air by plants (transpiration). Water gains energy during evaporation- endothermic. Water loses energy during condensation- exothermic. The Active River

    67. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River

    68. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Runoff is water that flows across the land and enters rivers and streams. It eventually flows into lakes and oceans. Percolation is the downward movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity. Tributaries are smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger ones. The Active River

    69. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD A watershed is the region of land drained by a river system. Mississippi Watershed is the largest in U.S. Divides separated the watersheds. A channel is the path that a stream follows. Gradient is the measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance. The Active River

    70. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River

    71. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River Discharge is the amount of water that a stream or river carries in a given amount of time. Load is the materials carried by a river or stream.

    72. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Young- erodes channels deep, river flows quickly and is straight. Mature- erodes wider, meanders, gradient not as steep as young river and has more tributaries and discharge. Old- has little gradient and little erosion. Oxbow lakes and large amount of meanders. Rejuvenated- land is raised due to plate tectonics and river becomes steeper. The Active River

    73. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Get some pictures of different rivers and see if the students can figure out the age of the rivers based on the characteristics of each river. The Active River

    74. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Active River

    75. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD You will make a model of the water cycle, and you will watch water as it moves through the model. The Active River Any Water Cycle Lab – example page 498Any Water Cycle Lab – example page 498

    76. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. Explain the interactions between matter and energy in the water cycle. Let’s Review

    77. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Liquid water gains energy form the sun and evaporates. As water evaporates, it changes into water vapor. Water vapor rises and condenses to form clouds. As the water vapor condenses, it loses energy, and water falls back to the Earth as precipitation. Answer

    78. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. Describe the differences between a river system and a watershed. Let’s Review

    79. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD A river system is a network of streams and rivers. A watershed is the region of land drained by a river system. River systems are mad up of smaller systems of streams and tributaries. Answer

    80. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 3. Describe the ways that youthful, mature, old, and rejuvenated rivers shape the Earth’s surface. Let’s Review

    81. Chapter 18 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Youthful rivers erode deep channels. Mature rivers erode wide channels. Old rivers deposit sediment in their channels and along their banks. Rejuvenated rivers form terraces in the river valley. Answer

    82. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Stream and River Deposits

    83. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Stream and River Deposits

    84. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Rivers erode and carry enormous amounts of sediment. When the river’s current slows down the sediment is deposited. Deposition is the process by which material is dropped. Stream and River Deposits

    85. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Stream and River Deposits

    86. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD A delta is formed where a river’s current slows down and sediment is deposited in a fan- shaped pattern. New land is built. An alluvial fan is created when fast moving water flows onto a flat plain and sediment is deposited in a fan-shaped pattern. A flood plain is when a river overflows its banks. Stream and River Deposits

    87. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Stream and River Deposits

    88. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. Describe how river deposition forms deltas, alluvial fans, and flood plains. Let’s Review

    89. Chapter 18 Section 2 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Answer

    90. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Water Underground

    91. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Water Underground

    92. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Ground water is water that is beneath the Earth’s surface. 97% of the world’s liquid fresh water is stored here. There are two zones underground: 1. Zone of aeration 2. Zone of saturation. Water Underground

    93. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Zone of Aeration is the upper zone where rain water passes. Zone of Saturation is where water collects. Where these two zones meet is at the water table. Water table rises during wet years and lowers during dry years. Water Underground

    94. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Water Underground

    95. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD An aquifer is a rock layer that stores ground water and allows it to flow. Porosity is the amount of space between the particles that make up a rock. Aquifers allow water to pass freely from one pore to another. Permeability is a rock’s ability to allow water to pass through it. Water Underground

    96. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    97. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    98. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Which substance has more permeability sand or soil? Find out how long it takes for water to travel through each of these substances. Do the Quick lab on page 495 in the text- Degree of PermeabilityDo the Quick lab on page 495 in the text- Degree of Permeability

    99. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Best aquifers usually form in permeable materials such as sandstone, limestone, and layers of sand and gravel. Recharge zone is the ground surface where water enters an aquifer. (marked by signs). The size of the recharge zone depends on the layer of rock.

    100. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    101. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Ground water movement depends on the slope of the water table. If the water table reaches the Earth’s surface, water will flow out from the ground and form a spring. A well is a human-made hole that is deeper than the level of the water table. Water is filtered and purified as it travels through an aquifer.

    102. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    103. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Most caves are formed as ground water dissolves the limestone. Stalactites are sharp- icicle shaped features that are from deposits of calcium carbonate.( Hang from the ceiling) Stalagmites form when water falls to the cave floor adds to cone- shaped features. Drip stone column are stalagmites and stalactites connected.

    104. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    105. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD View maps of major and minor aquifers of Texas by clicking here.

    106. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Porosity and permeability are related terms used to describe any rock or loose sediment. Both of these properties are essential to the formation of an aquifer. Describe the porosity and permeability in sand, gravel and clay. Permeability and Porosity Lab from the LTF book page 610.Permeability and Porosity Lab from the LTF book page 610.

    107. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. What is the source of the water in an aquifer?

    108. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Surface water percolates down through the recharge zone to supply water to an aquifer.

    109. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. What are some of the features formed by underground erosion and deposition?

    110. Chapter 18 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Caves form by ground-water erosion. Stalagmites, stalactites, and dripstone columns form by underground deposition.

    111. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    112. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    113. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround the Earth. Protects you from the sun and has oxygen. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    114. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is made up of gases, solids and liquids. Water is most common liquid in the atmosphere.

    115. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Air pressure is the measurement of the force with which air particles push on a surface. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    116. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The atmosphere is held around the Earth by gravity. The gas particles are pulled towards the surface. There are fewer particles as you move away from the surface. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    117. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Altitude is the height of an object above the Earth’s surface. As altitude increases, air pressure decreases. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    118. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Temperature changes as you move through the atmosphere due to the amount of sun’s energy that is absorbed by gases. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    119. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    120. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere Troposphere makes up 90% of the mass of atmosphere. It is the densest layer and the layer in which you live.

    121. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere Stratosphere is above the troposphere The air is very thin here and there is very little moisture. The ozone is here that absorbs some of the sun’s harmful rays. Temperature increases with altitude here.

    122. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The mesosphere is above the stratosphere It is the coldest layer and protects us from meteoroids. It burns up any substance that enters our atmosphere. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    123. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Thermosphere is a hot layer yet is doesn’t feel hot-because the particles move fast but are far apart. Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    124. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Characteristics of the Atmosphere Ionosphere is the upper part of mesosphere and lower part of Ionosphere. This layer absorbs the sun rays, and the gas particles become electrically charged.

    125. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Use a scale to find the mass of a ball. Record the mass of the empty ball. Pump up the ball. Use a scale to find the mass of the ball filled with air. Compare the two masses. Does air have mass. Characteristics of the Atmosphere Air – It’s Massive page 507Air – It’s Massive page 507

    126. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Review the layers of the atmosphere by Characteristics of the Atmosphere

    127. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Some scientist believe the Earth is warming up due to the greenhouse effect. Measure temperatures in a model greenhouse and in a control as they are heated. Calculate the resulting temperature changes. Pre-AP Extension Greenhouse Lab from the Middle School Science with Calculators Lab 3Greenhouse Lab from the Middle School Science with Calculators Lab 3

    128. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. What cause air pressure? Let’s Review

    129. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Air pressure is caused by gravity pulling molecules in the atmosphere toward the Earth. Answer

    130. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. How can the thermosphere have high temperature but not feel hot? Let’s Review

    131. Chapter 19 Section 1 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD In the thermosphere, particles are moving quickly, but because they are few and far apart, they cannot transfer much energy. Answer

    132. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    133. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    134. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Wind is the movement of air as a result of different air pressures. The greater the pressure difference, the stronger the wind. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    135. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The unequal heating of the Earth makes pressure belts. The air rises or sinks making circular patterns on the Earth. These patterns are called convection cells. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    136. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    137. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The way the wind blows depends on the rotation of the Earth. The wind blows in a curved path due to the rotation of the Earth called the coriolis effect. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    138. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD

    139. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    140. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Cyclones are areas of low pressure. There is warm, less dense air at the center that rises. Anticyclones are areas of high pressure. There is colder, denser air at the center that sinks. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    141. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    142. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Local winds generally move short distances and can blow from any direction. Global winds are part of a pattern of air flow that moves across the Earth. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    143. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Trade winds blow at 30* latitude to the equator. (early sailors used the winds to sail from Europe to America). Doldrums are around the equator where there is very little wind. (means foolish) Horse Latitudes- are at 30*North and 30* south latitudes. Air sinks and there is very little air. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    144. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Westerlies are between 30* and 60* latitude. Flows towards the poles and helped ships return to Europe. Polar Easterlies are between the poles and 60* latitude and is where cold air sinks. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    145. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    146. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Jet stream is a narrow belt of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The jet stream controls how storms move. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    147. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Fill a large, clear plastic container with cold water. Tie the end of a string around the neck of a small bottle. Fill the small bottle with hot water. Add a few drops of red food coloring until the water has changed color. Without tipping the small bottle, lower it into the plastic container until it touches the bottom of the container. Observe what happens. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds Quick Lab page 522 in text.Quick Lab page 522 in text.

    148. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD Explore the movement of the jet stream by Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

    149. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 1. How does the Coriolis effect affect the way wind moves? Let’s Review

    150. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The Coriolis effect prevents winds from blowing in a straight path. Because of the Coriolis effect, winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left. Answer

    151. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD 2. How do winds affect the weather? Let’s Review

    152. Chapter 19 Section 3 Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD The warm, rising air in a low pressure area brings clouds and rain. The cool, sinking air in a high pressure area brings dry, clear weather. Answer

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