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Medical Applications Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Medical Applications Electrocardiogram (ECG) Glossary of Terms AED Automated External Defibrillator – Auto diagnosis with voice directed treatment. EKG/ECG ElectroCardioGram – skin surface, heart monitor

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Medical Applications Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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  1. Medical ApplicationsElectrocardiogram (ECG)

  2. Glossary of Terms • AED Automated External Defibrillator – Auto diagnosis with voice directed treatment. • EKG/ECG ElectroCardioGram – skin surface, heart monitor • Holter Monitor Portable device for continuously monitoring the electrical activity of the heart for at least 24 hours. Can be external or implantable. • Defibrillation Delivering a therapeutic dose of electrical energy to the heart. • T-wave alterans A change in the shape of the heartbeat signal on an every other beat basis that is not apparent to the naked eye. • Right Leg Drive An operational amplifier deriving common mode voltage is used to invert the common-mode signal and drive it back into the patient through the right leg. • RFI Radio Frequency Interference • ESD Electro Static Discharge

  3. ECG Markets ECG Professional Healthcare Consumer battery line battery line AED Home Products Commercial Fitness Equipment Above Diagnostic Defibrillators Diagnostic Holter Monitor

  4. ECG Waveform (Filtered)

  5. ECG – Waveform Characteristics • ECG Signals have two components: • ECG Waveform • 0.05 Hz to 150 Hz bandwidth per Medical Standards • Average R Wave Amplitude is 1.8mV • Some waveforms can be as big as 10 mV p-p. • T wave Alterans are only a few microvolts in amplitude • Pacing Artifact • Medical Standards require 2mV and 200µs detection • Average pulse is 1 mV and 500µs but can be much smaller

  6. ECG – Patient Skin Surface Characteristics • Skin Impedance • Standards require of common mode rejection at 51K ohms skin to electrode impedance at 10Hz • Good Silver-Silver Chloride electrodes yield about 10 K ohm electrode to skin impedance • Stainless Steel electrodes can yield skin impedances of several meg-ohms • Defibrillation Voltage • 5000 volts, 360 Joules • DC Voltage • Medical Standards require being capable of acquiring ECG with 300 mV of DC. Mostly due to half cell potential of electrodes, stainless steel can yield 500 mV of DC • 60 Hz Noise • Average is several mV

  7. Signal Chains

  8. Diagnostic ECG (Clinical Use)

  9. Diagnostic ECG In-amp + Right Leg Drive

  10. Diagnostic ECG Filters + Pace Detection

  11. Diagnostic ECG ADC + Isolation + Processing

  12. Low Power, Low Cost, Wireless ECG (Holter Monitor)

  13. Low Cost, Low Power AED

  14. Exercise Heart Rate Monitor(Example: treadmill with heart rate monitor)

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