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The Digestive System

Hey- chew on this! We’ve made it to the.. . The Digestive System. Gastrointestinal System Function-physical and chemical breakdown of food Includes alimentary canal and accessory organs Accessory organs: Salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Alimentary canal.

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The Digestive System

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  1. Hey- chew on this! We’ve made it to the.. The Digestive System

  2. Gastrointestinal System • Function-physical and chemical breakdown of food • Includes alimentary canal and accessory organs • Accessory organs: Salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

  3. Alimentary canal • Mouth- physical and chemical breakdown. • Mastication-the act of chewing • Saliva contains enzyme amylase to break down carbohydrates

  4. Pharynx- contains opening to trachea as well. Epiglottis covers opening of trachea. • Esophagus-muscular tube dorsal to trachea • Relies on a rhythmic wave-like motion called peristalsis

  5. Esophagus- transverse view

  6. Sphincter-a circular muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice (opening) • Cardiac sphincter • Pyloric sphincter • Food sits in stomach for 1-4 hours. Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid- activates pepsin, kills bacteria.

  7. Small intestine: not so small! 20ft x 1’’ • Duodenum- 1st 10 inches. Bile and pancreatic juice enter here • Jejunum- next 8 ft. • Ileum- final 12 ft. When food leaves small intestine, digestion is complete

  8. Small intestine has lots of enzymes: peptidases • maltase, sucrase, lactase, amylase. • Lipase • Bile Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream.

  9. Large intestine- 5 ft x 2’’. Separated from small intestine by ileocecal valve • Final absorption of water, storage of indigestible material, absorption of vitamins B and K by bacteria. • Colon connects to rectum- anal canal opens to the anus (final opening). Fecal material is expelled.

  10. But Wait! What about the accessory organs: Liver, gall bladder and pancreas • Liver- largest gland in your body • Secretes bile- emulsifies fat, makes them water soluble. • Stores glucose in the form of glycogen • Makes clotting proteins • Detoxifies blood

  11. Gall bladder- stores and concentrates bile • Pancreas- produces insulin, pancreatic juices amylase and lipase. Insulin regulates the uptake of glucose by the cells

  12. Diseases • Appendicitis • Cholecystitis- gall bladder • Cirrhosis- destruction of liver cells • Diarrhea • Diverticulitis • Gasteroenteritis • Hernia • Pancreatitis • Liver transplant • Ulcer • Colitis • Bariatric surgery

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