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IST 201

IST 201 Chapter 5 LAN Technologies Ethernet – most widely used technology in LANS In 1970, developed and implemented by: D igital I ntel X erox IEEE 802.3 standard is based on the DIX specification. Ethernet Specifications 802.3 – Ethernet 802.3u – FastEthernet

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IST 201

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  1. IST 201 Chapter 5

  2. LAN Technologies • Ethernet – most widely used technology in LANS • In 1970, developed and implemented by: • Digital • Intel • Xerox • IEEE 802.3 standard is based on the DIX specification.

  3. Ethernet Specifications • 802.3 – Ethernet • 802.3u – FastEthernet • 802.3z – Gigabit Ethernet (Fiber) • 802.3ab – Gigabit Ethernet (UTP) • 802.3ae – 10 Gigabit Ethernet • Layer 1 specification

  4. Media • Carries flow of information through a LAN • Operates at Layer 1 • Cat 5 UTP – primary media in Ethernet networks • NIC Ports • RJ45 • AUI – attachment unit interface • 15 pin connector • Unusual • Requires a transceiver to convert to RJ45

  5. UTP Straight Through Cable One end: ow o gw bl blw g brw br One end: ow o gw bl blw g brw br 123 4 5 6 7 8 Receive Transmit Used for:Switch  routerComputer  switchComputer  hub

  6. Crossover Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 One end: ow o gw bl blw g brw br One end: gw g ow bl blw o brw br 3 6 1 4 5 2 7 8 Used for:Router  routerComputer  computerComputer  routerSwitch  switchSwitch  hub

  7. Roll-over Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 One end: ow o gw bl blw g brw br One end: br brw g blw bl gw o ow 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

  8. Hubs • Multiport repeater • Concentrators – central connection point • Active – has power • re-generates signal & sends out all ports except receiving • Intelligent – active • microchip w/diagnostics • expensive • good for troubleshooting • Passive – no power • connection point • does not regenerate the signal

  9. 5-4-3 Rule • No more than 5 segments connect using 4 hubs • Only 3 segments can have hosts • Ensures that the signal reaches the destination within a specified time limit to avoid collisions..

  10. Wireless • RF • Infrared – req line of site • Microwaves • No wires • Mobile • Versatile • Convenient

  11. Bridges • Data link layer • Connects network segments • Builds MAC table of hosts on each segment • Filter – looks at the destination MAC address, drops the frame if the destination is on the same segment. • Flood – doesn’t have destination MAC address in the bridge table, sends out all ports except receiving one.. • Forward – picks up frame and forwards out to the correct segment

  12. Switch • Multiport bridge • Makes decisions based on MAC address • Builds MAC table (switching table) • Reduce traffic • Increase bandwidth • Filter • Flood • Forward breaks up collision domain

  13. NIC • Printed circuit board providing network connectivity • Operates @ layers 1 and 2 but it is considered a layer 2 device • MAC address

  14. Peer to Peer Networks • Computers connected to act as equal partners • No centralized administration • Ea. computer may act as a server or client to other computers • 10 or fewer • Share files • Share printers • Easy to install • Does not scale well • Security is low

  15. Client/Server • Centralized control • Common admin • Increased security • Scalable – requires authentication • Server – additional processing power RAM • Single point of failure

  16. WANs • Networks connected together over a wide geographic area. • Use serial connections • Bits of data are transmitted sequentially over a single channel • Dedicated leased lines • ISDN • DSL • Cable

  17. Leased Lines • T1 – 1.544 Mbps • T3 – 44.736 Mbps • Run PPP or Frame Relay Encapsulations • PPP – Point to Point Protocol • Frame Relay

  18. ISDN • Integrated Services Digital Network • 128 kbps • Dial on demand connections • BRI (Basic Rate Interface) • 2 B channels (64 kbps bearer channels) - data • 1 D channel (16 kbps delta channel) – signaling and link management • Typically uses PPP encapsulation.

  19. DSL • Digital Subscriber Line • 128 kbps – 6.1 Mbps • Dial-up connectivity • Uses telephone infrastructure

  20. Cable • Up to 8 Mbps (maybe higher?) • Uses existing cable tv infrastructure • Coaxial cable

  21. Router Purpose • Route packets from source to destination with a LAN • Provide connectivity from the LAN to the WAN. • Segments a network into subnetworks • Breaks up broadcast domains.

  22. Router WAN Serial Ports • V.35 connectors • DTE (data terminal equipment) – on the customer side of the connection • DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment) on the ISP side. • Provides clock rate • CSU/DSU – channel service unit/data service unit • Another device that provides clocking with a direct connection.

  23. Configuring the Router • Need management connection • Roll-over cable/console cable • Connects serial port of computerusing DB9 to RJ45 transceiver to Console port (RJ45) on the router • Terminal emulation software • Hyperterminal w/these settings on the COM port • 9600 bps • 8 data bits • No parity • 1 stop bit • None

  24. Console v. Auxiliary Port • Console port is used for initial router configuration • Console management connection is between a pc and the router console port. • Management via a modem connection is possible for configuration changes. • Modem is connected to the auxiliary port

  25. Cisco 2500 Router • DB-15 port • Requires a transceiver to convert to a Ethernet port (RJ45)

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