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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. The Evolution of World Politics. Ancient Greece & Rome. Territorial states : Before states/nations Based on leader or culture Controlled territory but loyalty to leader Greek City-States : Created identity to location Concept of citizenship born. Ancient Greece & Rome.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 The Evolution of World Politics

  2. Ancient Greece & Rome Territorial states: • Before states/nations • Based on leader or culture • Controlled territory but loyalty to leader Greek City-States: • Created identity to location • Concept of citizenship born

  3. Ancient Greece & Rome Sovereignty: • Aristotle’s Politics • Each Greek city-state had authority unto itself

  4. Ancient Greece & Rome Nationalism: • Citizens identified strongly with their city-state (precursor to nationalism which is idea that holds that a nation has the right to constitute an independent or autonomous political community based on a shared history and common destiny)

  5. Ancient Greece & Rome Democracy: • First time people became source of authority • Idea of citizen participation • Roman tyranny and empire obliterated democracy and nationalism but idea lived

  6. Middle Ages Religious authority: • Roman Catholic Church source of universalistic authority • Provided universal language—Latin • Christian doctrine was basis for ideas about rights, justice • Kings often subordinate to papal authority • Holy Roman Empire

  7. Middle Ages Secular Authority: • Over time, authority of church overturned • Multiethnic empires emerged • Monarchs argued authority came from God • Most lasted into the 20th century

  8. Middle Ages Local Authority: • Feudal system—local, micro-level authority • Organized around principalities, dukedoms, baronies, fiefdoms

  9. Middle Ages Local Authority (continued): • Nobles exercised sovereignty or authority • Sovereignty often disputed • Feudalism ends by 13th century

  10. Decline of Feudal System • Military Technology: gunpowder; cannons; commoners could fight knights • Economic Expansion: improved trade; larger ships; beginning of mass production (factories); created wealthy class; growth of political areas to support economy

  11. Decline of Universalistic Authority • Decline in papal authority • Increase in royalty • Protestant Reformation (Martin Luther) • King Henry VII—created Anglican Church • Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ended centralized European power • Rise of the Sovereign State

  12. Westphalia

  13. 18th & 19th Centuries Multi-polar system (1648-mid1900s) • Power poles: the major powers at any given time • Marked by shifting alliances designed to preserve a balance of power

  14. Multi-Polar System • Industrialization and advances in weaponry and technology changed politics • Euro-American imperialism • Imperialist subjugation of Asians, Africans, and others by Europeans and Americans set the stage for two spheres: wealthy and poor (still exist)

  15. The 20th Century • Rapid pace of change critical • Monarchy taken over by democracy in the 1900s. • Nationalism (political term holds that a nation—usually defined in terms of ethnicity or culture—has the right to constitute an independent or autonomous political community based on a shared history and commonality) • Led to dissipation of multi-ethnic empire

  16. Bipolar System • WWII bipolar system • United States and Soviet Union • Cold War = issue of balance of power • North Atlantic Treat Organization (NATO) resulted as did other regional alliances

  17. Bipolar System 3. Both sent $$$ to various governments and rebel groups 4. Outgrowth of containment = Viet Nam • Changed views • Signified crumbling of bipolar system

  18. Bipolar System 5. End of History: Fall of the German wall and reunification of Germany

  19. 21st Century • Development of Unipolar System: United States • Hegemonic power: The processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position • Dominance vs. balance on world stage • Limited unipolar system? How to measure?

  20. 21st Century • Future of polarity? • Aggression and unilateral decisions may affect power structure • Growth of regional groups such as the European Union • Nonwestern countries have stronger voice (often struggle economically, less infrastructure, more instability)

  21. Challenges to State Authority • Fragmentation of state • Pressure to join • McWorld—political integration and economic interdependence and social integration

  22. Security • September 11 • Weapons of Mass Destruction • Regional organizations • Department of Homeland Security • Assymetrical warfare

  23. Economic Disparity • North = economically developed countries (EDCs); mostly in Northern Hemisphere • South = less developed countries (LDCs); mostly southern hemisphere • Gross national product (GNP): The total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period.

  24. Economy • Inter-dependence • International Corporations • Regulation? • Quality of Life • Outsourcing

  25. Human Rights • Women’s rights, war crimes, etc. • International Criminal Court (ICC): The Hague, The Netherlands • Now, leaders discuss

  26. Environment • Sustainable Development • Balance economic development with sustainable development • Pollution • Hot topic of the day

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