Three enzymes associated with human diseases

1. Three enzymes associated with human diseases Staphylokinase (SAK) Thrombosis complications of cardiovascular disease are a major cause of death and disease, and thrombolysis has a beneficial effect on the outcome of this disease. There are currently six thrombolytic drugs for clinical research, such as streptokinase, urokinase, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), and methoxybenzoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex. (APSAC), recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) and recombinant staphylokinase (SAK). Staphylokinase (SAK) is a 136-amino acid enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus. SAK itself is not enzymatically active, but it has the property of activating fibrinolytic proteins and is a fast and potent activator of the human plasminogen (Plg)-plasmin (Pli) system. It is positively regulated by the "agr" gene regulator and activates plasminogen, which can degrade various host proteins during infection. SAK can be used for thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and thrombosis. As a new-generation thrombolytic agent, Sak has received extensive attention due to its high specificity and small side effects of bleeding. In experimental animal models, it shows better application effects than streptokinase and rt-PA, and in the large intestine. Bacillus can be produced at low cost and on a large scale, so its application prospects are very promising. Acetyl-CoACarboxylase (ACC) Acetyl CoA carboxylase belongs to biotin containing enzyme type I and is widely distributed in the biological world. In plants, acetyl-CoA carboxylase mainly has two types: heterogeneous and homogenous; in animal, acetyl-CoA carboxylase is homogenous and is divided into two types, ACCI and ACC2. This reaction restricts the rate of fatty acid synthesis in the first stage and regulates the metabolism of fatty acids. It catalyzes the reaction of Acetyl-CoA+ATP+HCO3-→malonyl-CoA+ADP+Pi in vivo. In mammals, there are two main isoforms of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase expressed , Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA) and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB). ACACA has broad tissue distribution but is enriched in tissues critical for fatty acid sythesis such as adipose tissue. ACACB is enriched in tissues such as skeletal muscle and heart that are critical for fatty acid oxidation. The Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase enzymes are activated by Citrate, glutamate, and dicarboxylic acids and negatively regulated by long and short chain fatty acyl CoAs. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 is essential for breast cancer and prostrate cancer cell survival account for thier roles in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation, ACACA and ACACB are therapeutic targets for treating obesity and metabolic syndrome disorders. Antistreptolysin O Enzyme Streptolysin is a hemolysin that produced by group A streptococci. Streptolysin O acts as a protein antigen in an infected individual, and the patient mounts an antibody

2. response. A rise in anti-streptolysin O level begins about 1 week after infection and peaks 2-3 weeks later. In the absence of complications or reinfection, the anti-streptolysin O ASO titer will usually fall to preinfection levels within 6-12 months. Streptococcal infections are caused by bacteria known as Streptococcus. There are several disease-causing strains of streptococci (groups A, B, C, D, and G), which are identified by their behavior, chemistry, and appearance. Each group causes specific types of infections and symptoms. These antibody tests are useful for group A streptococci. Group A streptococci are the most virulent species for humans and are the cause of strep throat, tonsillitis, wound and skin infections, blood infections (septicemia), scarlet fever, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis.