By: Mark Winter Alex Peroff Matthew Magrini

1. Heavy Metal Study By: Mark Winter Alex Peroff Matthew Magrini

2. Background Info To learn more about the effects of heavy metals the Weston scholars worked with Dr. Lee Lee in her ever going research in the field of microbiology and the study of heavy metals. • The MAM group (Mark, Alex, and Matt) worked with the heavy metal Ferric Chloride, and used it on Cyanobacteria.

3. Cyanobacteria • Anacystis nidulans are strains of cyanobacteria and are excellent indicators to study the toxic metabolic levels of heavy metals. • Cyanobacteria are rod-shaped, unicellular, photoautotrophic and are prokaryotic. Cyanobacteria also live in fresh water habitats.

4. Ferric ChlorideFeCl3 • Ferric Chloride has three generals uses. • Principally as a flocculating agent for water treatment. • Used for metal surface treatment as etching agent for engraving, photography and printed circuitry • And is used as a disinfectant

5. More on Ferric Chloride Formula is FeCl3 Appearance- dark brown liquid Health hazard- toxic by ingestion, strong irritant to skin and tissue. Ferric Chloride is also on the EPA heavy metal list.

6. Methods and Material • First made 3M medium for cell growth, using pipettes and micropipettes. • Sterilized it by autoclaving at 121 C • Mixed cyanobacteria with medium. Then distributed in 5 flasks. Each flask with 100mL of cyanobacteria. • 1st flask has no FeCl3 • 2nd flask has 50mg/l of FeCl3 • 3rd flask has 100mg/l of FeCl3 • 4th flask has 150mg/l of FeCl3 • 5th flask has 200mg/l of FeCl3

7. Methods and Material (cont.) • Used micropipette to transfer FeCl3 • Then took pH. 7.95 • Then we observed the cyanobacteria by two methods • First by absorbance levels, using a spectrophotometer 20 • Then observed them by microscope. And used a special slide called a hemocytometer or a bacterial counting chamber.

8. PH Levels of Cyanobacteria

10. Control Graph Results Has no Ferric Chloride concentration Standard Growth Curve Cell growth are monitored by OD readings And the cell numbers. The cells grew then leveled off We monitored it for 18 days

12. Second Graph Results Has 50mg/L of Ferric Chloride Growth of the cells are slightly reduced in the Presence of 50 mg/L of Ferric Chloride

14. Third Graph Results • Has 100 mg/L of Ferric Chloride • 100 mg/L severely inhabited the growth of the cells

16. Fourth Graph Results • Has 150mg/L of Ferric Chloride • Completely inhabited the growth of the cells

18. Fifth Graph Results • Has 200mg/L of Ferric Chloride • 200mg/L of Ferric Chloride completely inhabited the growth of the cells

19. Analysis • The pH levels increased with the amount of FeCl3. • From 100mg/l and up the bacteria stayed smaller than the control and the 50mg/l. • Cyanobacteria can grow in small amounts of FeCl3, but in high amounts the cyanobacteria will stop growing and become acidic. • The cyanobacteria were probably dying because the acidic level was high and the absorbance was lower than normal. This suggests the inhibition of the growth of those cyanobacteria may be due to the combination of heavy metals and acidic conditions

21. Dr. Lee Lee

22. Pat

23. Mrs. English

24. Mrs. Portas

25. And to most of all: Mr. and Mrs. Weston