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ANCIENT GREECE. Geography of Greece. Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE. Bronze Age Greece. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos ). Knossos : Minoan Civilization. Minoan Civilization. No fortified walls A bureaucracy led by a king Written form of communication.
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ANCIENT GREECE
Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE
Minoan Civilization • No fortified walls • A bureaucracy led by a king • Written form of communication
Mycenaeans • Fortified walls • Warriors • Murals of war scenes
Age of Homer • Oral poetry • Singing tales • Sharp class system
Courage - Arete Protection of family and possessions Honor Integrity “Always be the best and distinguished above others.” Homeric values
"Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE
Early Athenian Lawgivers Draco • “draconian” Cleisthenes • created the first democracy
Through 5th century, Athens and Sparta were both concerned with keeping independent of foreign threat – Persia First Persian War Athenian victory Persian emperor Darius sent army to Greece They were defeated at Marathon in 490 BCE Victory for the Athenians (Nike!) Persian Wars
Great Athenian Philosophers Socrates • Know thyself! • question everything Plato • The Academy • The Republic philosopher-king
Philosophers • Meaning of life • Purpose of government • Define human nature
Socrates • Well known philosopher in Athens • Then Pericles dies • A plague hits Athens Socrates is arrested for corrupting the minds of Greek youth
Great Athenian Philosophers Aristotle • “Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation]. • Logic • Scientific method
Athens: Arts & Sciences DRAMA: • Aeschylus • Sophocles • Euripides THE SCIENCES: • Pythagoras – Pythagorean theorem • Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” • Hippocratic oath
Other Religious Festivals • Delphi • Corinth
SPARTA Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.
Peloponnesian War431-404 BCE • No harmony among Greeks after Persian Wars • Leaves them vulnerable
Final Act in Classical Greece Philip of Macedonia turned it into effective, aggressive state • Took over most of mainland From now on, Greece would almost always be under foreign rule
"Hellenistic" Greece: 324 BCE - 100 BCE