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CGS

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CGS

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  1. CGS – 1100Introduction to Computer Applications Computer Concepts

  2. Computer System Component Computer: A programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. The word “Computer” emerged during WWII, people who operated desk calculators were called: Computers.

  3. History of the Modern Computer Human: Could add a two 10 digit number in 10 seconds, with Calculator, in 4 Seconds. Mark 1: Also called “Harvard Mark 1” Could add two 10- digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times faster than Pencil and paper. ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The world's first electronic digital computer was developed by Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firing Tables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds, 50,000 times faster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than the Mark 1.

  4. General Vocabularyand Units • Bit: "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate using the base-2 number system, also known as the binary number system ( 0, 1) • Byte: 8-bit collections (single, double precision) • Digital: Send – Receive 0’s and 1’s • Analog: AM - FM • Hertz: Unit of Frequency • Kilo-Hertz: 1000 Cycles • Mega-Hertz: 1 million Cycles • Giga-Hertz: 1 Billion Cycles

  5. Components of a Computer System Computer Hardware Software Motherboard Operating System Floppy Office 2003 Hard Drive Internet Explorer

  6. Components of a Computer System Information Processing Cycle

  7. Components of a Computer System Input Process Output Storage

  8. Types of Computer

  9. Types of Computer

  10. Hardware Devices Input Device Storage Device Printer Output Device Peripheral System Unit Monitor Output Device Peripheral Input Device

  11. Memory

  12. Memory Random Access Memory Read Only Memory SRAM: Static RAM EPROM: Erasable Programmable ROM DRAM: Dynamic RAM PROM: Programmable ROM Memory Size in MB 256 MB 512 MB 1024 MB 1 MB 2 MB 4 MB 8 MB 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB 128 MB Extra Points: What mathematical equation describes the pattern?

  13. Monitors • Output device, • Soft-Copy Output • Resolution is given by the amount of “Pixels” • Two categories: CRT (Cathode Ray Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

  14. Printers • Output Devices • Hard Copy Output • Resolution is given in “dsi”. Dots per Inch. • Two Categories: Laser (B&W, Color) uses Toner. Inkjet (Color) uses ink cartridges.

  15. Types of Software and Their Uses Operating System Software (OS): Tell the computer how to work and what to do. Windows, Linux and Macintosh. Driver: Software that tells a hardware component how to work. Application Software: Accomplish a task Using a computer. Word, Excel, PowerPoint

  16. Networks and Configuration • Computer Network: Two or more computer connected in some way in order to share their resources. • Bus Network, • Star Network, • Ring Network.

  17. Network Vocabulary • Server/Host: • Client/Workstation: • Topology:

  18. Star Network • A star network is a local area network (LAN) in which all nodes (workstations or other devices) are directly connected to a common central computer. Every workstation is indirectly connected to every other through the central computer. In some star networks, the central computer can also operate as a workstation.

  19. Bus Network • A bus network is an arrangement in a local area network (LAN) in which each node (workstation or other device) is connected to a main cable or link called the bus.

  20. Ring Network • A ring network is a local area network (LAN) in which the nodes (workstations or other devices) are connected in a closed loop configuration. Adjacent pairs of nodes are directly connected. Other pairs of nodes are indirectly connected, the data passing through one or more intermediate nodes.

  21. Local Area Network • A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (for example, within an office building). Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two or three users (for example, in a home network) or as many as thousands of users

  22. Wide Area Network • A wide area network or WAN is a computer network covering a wide geographical area, involving a vast array of computers. WANs are used to connect local area networks (LANs) together, so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations.

  23. Test 1

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