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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY. DR. I. SELVARAJ. SOCIOLOGY. STUDY OF SOCIAL CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR. MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY.

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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

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  1. MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY DR. I. SELVARAJ

  2. SOCIOLOGY • STUDY OF SOCIAL CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

  3. MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVOUR DEVOTED TO SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, STUDY OF CULTURAL FACTORS AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH ILLNESS, AND THE SOCIAL PRINCIPLES IN MEDICAL ORGANISATION AND TREATMENT – Charles Mclntire 1894

  4. MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY • social epidemiology to practice social medicine • to study cultural factors and social relation • to study social factors of family,society, and government about health or disease • to study social principles in medical organisation and treatment • to study social problems • to study social security

  5. Social epidemiology is defined as the “study of the social distribution and social determinants of states of health” The aim of social epidemiology is to identify socio environmental exposures that may be related to physical and mental health outcomes. The principal concern of social epidemiology is the study of how society and social organization influence the health and standard of living of individuals and populations.

  6. SOCIAL MEDICINE • THE STUDY OF MEDICAL NEEDS OR MEDICAL CARE OF THE SOCIETY WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

  7. TYPES OF SURVEY • EPIDEMIOLGICAL SURVEY • SOCIAL SURVEY

  8. NEED FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIOLGY/ MEDICAL SOCIOLGY • RAPID TRANSFORMATION (IMPACT OF WEST) • JOINT FAMILY DISINTEGRATION • STRENGTH OF BOND OF MARRIAGE IS WANING • BROKEN HOMES • LINQUALISM, CASTEISM, REGIONALISM • LUST FOR POWER • WIDE CORRUPTION • UNEMPLOYMENT • URBANISATION • CONFUSION IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

  9. Socio-economic Conditions And Health • ECONOMIC STATUS • EDUCATION • OCCUPATION • POLITICAL SYSTEM • HOUSING • EMPLOYMENT • POVERTYAND AFFLUENCE • ILLITRACY AND IGNORENCE • TRAVEL • INDUSTRILIZATION • FOOD HABITS • TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE

  10. INDUSTRIALISATION • PER CAPITA INCOME • ECONOMIC PROGRESS • STANDARD OF LIVING • URBAN SLUM • OVER CROWDING • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION • SOCIAL PROBLEMS • ELIMINATE CASTE DISTINCTION • MORE NUCLEAR FAMILY

  11. TYPES OF MEDICAL SERVICE • CAPITALIST COUNTRY • STATE MEDICINE • INSURANCE MEDICINE • CHARITY MEDICINE • And Private medicine • SOCIALIST COUNTRY • Socialized medicine

  12. COMMUNITY • COMMUNITY IS A HUMAN POPULATION LIVING WITHIN A LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND CARRYING ON A COMMON INTER-DEPENDENT LIFE - LUNDBERG

  13. URBAN COMMUNITY • NAMELESSNESS • HOMELESSNESS • CLASS EXTREME • SOCIAL HETEROGENESITY • SOCIALDISTANCE • EMOTIONAL TENSION AND INSECURITY

  14. RURAL COMMUNITY • COMMUNITY CONCIOUSNESS • ROLE OF NEIGHBOURHOOD • JOINT FAMILY • FAITH IN RELIGION • SIMPLICITY

  15. JOINT FAMILY LESS OF LOVE MARRIAGE WOMEN LITTERACY IS LESS NEIGHBOURHOOD IS IMPORTANT SENSE OF WE FEELING IS MUCH STRONGER SOCIAL INTERACTION IS PERSONNEL RURAL CULTURE IS CONSERVATIVE NUCLEAR FAMILY MORE OF DIVORCE WOMEN LITTERACY IS HIGH IT IS NOT IMPORTANT IT IS NOT SEEN SOCIAL INTERACTION IS IMPERSONEL CITY CULTURE IS COSMOPOLITAN RURAL – URBAN DIFFERENCES

  16. URBAN PROBLEMS • URBAN SLUMS • PAVEMENT DWELLERS • UNEMPLOYMENT • ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITY • POVERTY • CRIME • MENTAL ILLNESS • DELINQUENCY • BEGGING • PROSTITUTION • POPULATION GROWTH • POLITICAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNREST • ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT • AND POLLUTION

  17. MAJOR RURAL PROBLEMS • MALNUTRITION UNDER 5 YEAR CHILDREN • ILLITRACY • CHILD LABOUR • SCHOOL DROPOUT • POOR TRANSPORT • POOR COMMUNICATION • INADEQUATE WATER FOR CULTIVATION • ELECTRICITY PROBLEMS • LABOUR PROBLEMS • BONDED LABOURER

  18. FAMILY • Family is a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption; constituting a single household, interacting and inter-communicating with each other in their respective social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister creating a common culture – Burgess and locke

  19. FAMILY • BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY • PRIMARY UNIT OF THE SOCIETY • BIOLOGICAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY • CULTURAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY • EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY

  20. TEMPORARY SOCIAL GROUP • THE CROWD • THE MOB • THE HERD

  21. PERMANENT SOCIAL GROUP • THE BAND • THE VILLAGE • THE TOWN • THE CITY • THE STATE

  22. PATRIARCHAL FAMILY MATRIARCHAL FAMILY NUCLEAR FAMILY EXTENDED NUCLEAR FAMILY JOINT FAMILY THREE GENERATION FAMILY MATRILOCAL FAMILY PATRILOCAL FAMILY MONOGAMOUS FAMILY POLYGAMOUS FAMILY POLY ANDROUS FAMILY MATRILINEAR FAMILY PATRILINEAR FAMILY ENDOGAMOUSFAMILY EXOGAMOUS FAMILY BROKEN FAMILY PROBLEM FAMILY TYPE OF FAMILY

  23. FAMILY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE • CHILD REARING • SOCIALIZATION • PERSONALITY FORMATION • CARE OF DEPENDENTS

  24. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF FAMILY • REGULATION OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND REPRODUCTION • CARE AND TRAINING OF CHILDREN • ECONOMIC • RECREATION • PROTECTIVE • RELIGIOUS • EDUCATION

  25. ROLE OF FAMILY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS • SOMATIC SYMPTOMS INCREASES TENSION AMONG THE FAMILY MEMBERS • CHRONIC ILLNESS AND COMPLICATED ILLNESS IS DETERMINTEL TO THE FAMILY FUNCTIONING • FAMILY PRESTIGE IS AFFECTED BY MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD • THE FAMILY WILL OFFER REMEDIES AND ADVICE • TO TAKE OVER THE ROLL OF THE ILL PERSON WHEN HE/SHE IS NO LONGER CAPABLE OF PERFORMING • IT WILL PROVIDE CARE UNTIL RECOVERY AND LONG TERM SUPPORT

  26. FAMILY AND DISEASE • HEMOPHILIA, COLOUR BLINDNESS, DM, and MENTAL ILLNESS • TB, SCABIES, COMMON COLD MEASLES, CHICKEN-POX, DIARRHOEA, DYSENTRY, and ENTERIC FEVER • CONGENITAL MALFORMATION

  27. FAMILY CYCLE • STAGE OF FORMATION • STAGE OF GROWTH • STAGE OF RETRACTION • STAGE OF DISINTEGRATION

  28. THE SECRET OF HEALTH LIES IN THE HOMES OF THE PEOPLE – Florence Nightingale

  29. SOCIAL PROBLEMS • ANY DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR IN A DISAPPROVED DIRECTION OF SUCH A DEGREE THAT IS EXCEEDED THE TOLERANCE LIMIT OF THE COMMUNITY - LUNDBERG

  30. SOCIAL PROBLEM • PROSTITUTION • THE DISABLED • POVERTY • JUVENILE DELINQUENCY • UNEMPLOYMENT • ALCOHOLISM • WOMENS EMPLOYMENT • CHILD LABOUR • STREET CHILDREN • SOCIAL PROBLEM OF WORKERS

  31. PROSTITUTION • A PROSTITUTE IS AN INDIVIDUAL, MALE OR FEMALE, WHO FOR SOME KIND OF REWARD, MONETARY OR OTHERWISE, OR FOR SOME FORM OF PERSONAL SATISFACTION AS A PART OR WHOLE TIME PROFESSION, ENGAGES IN NORMAL OR ABNORMAL SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH VARIOUS PERSONS, WHO MAY BE OF THE SAME SEX OR THE OPPOSITE SEX, TO THE PROSTITUTE – G.R. SCOTT

  32. CONSTITUENTS OF PROSTITUTION • ILLICIT AND PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL INTER COURSE • MERCENARY BASIS WHETHER IN CASH OR IN KIND • LACK OF AFFECTION OR PERSONNEL INTEREST

  33. THE CALL GIRL THE STREET WALKER BAR PROSTITUTION PROSTITUTES OF THE BROTHEL CAMP FOLLOWERS INTER RACIAL PROSTITUTES THE FLEABAG DANCE HALL PROSTITUTES BEAT PROSTITUTES ELDERLY PROSTITUTES GIMMICK PROSTITUTES FRICATRICE PROSTITUTES CHILD PROSTITUTES TYPES OF PROSTITUTE

  34. FACTORS FOR PROSTITUTIONS • PREDISPOSING FACTORS • ATTRACTIVE FACTORS • PRECIPITATING FACTORS • ECONOMIC FACTORS • SOCIAL FACTORS • PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS • BIOLOGICAL FACTORS • RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL FACTORS

  35. CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION IN MALES • THE UNMARRIED • THE MARRIED • THE WIDOWERS/DIVORCED

  36. PROBLEMS OF PROSTITUTION • TRAFFICKING IS AN OFFENCE • HOODLUMS AND POLICE EXTRACT MONEY • TRANSMISSION OD S.T.D/HIV • PROSTITUTES ARE MURDERED WITH AN OVER DOSE OF HEROIN

  37. PREVENTION OF PROSTITUTION • RESCUE HOME AND SHELTER • IMMORAL TRAFFICK ACT • SOCIAL CONTROL OF S.T.D/ HIV • LICENCE • SKILLED TRAINING AND PLACEMENT OF JOB IN SHELTERED WORKSHOP • WELFARE MEASURES FOR THE CHILDREN OF PROSTITUTES

  38. No one is born as street kids in the real sense of the word.  It is the society and the evils of the systems that shapes the children into street children…

  39. SOCIAL DEFENCE • THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2001 • THE CHILD LABOUR ACT,1986 • THE IMMORAL TRAFFIC ACT,1956 • THE DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT,1961 • THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROP SUBSTANCES ACT,1985

  40. CULTURE • IT IS DEFINED AS LEARNED BEHAVIOUR WHICH HAS BEEN SOCIALLY ACQUIRED

  41. CULTURAL FACTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE • PERSONAL HYGIENE • NUTRITION • IMMUNISATION • SEEKING EARLY MEDICAL CARE • FAMILY PLANNING • CHILD REARING • DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA & REFUSE

  42. SOCIAL SECURITY • SOCIAL SECURITY IS THE GUARANTEE THAT THE STATE GIVES TO SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS (WHO MAY OR MAY NOT BE REQUIRED TO PAY MONTHLY PREMIA) BY VIRTUE OF WHICH THEY RECEIVE, IN TIMES OF CRISES, FREE REMEDIAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES.

  43. Social security act • W.C.A 1923/ FACTORY ACT 1948 • E.S.I, ACT 1948 • C.G.H.S 1963 • STATE OLD AGE PENSION ACT • EMPLOYEE’S PROVIDENT FUND ACT • PAYMENT OF GRADUITY ACT 1972 • MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT • BONUS SCHEME ACT

  44. SOCIAL CONTROL • IT IS THE SUM OF THOSE METHODS BY WHICH A SOCIETY TRIES TO INFLUENCE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TO MAINTAIN A GIVEN ORDER - MANHEIM

  45. SOCIAL CONTROL • STABILITY OF SOCIAL GROUP • COMMUNITY RELATION • AND SHARED VALUES

  46. NEED OF SOCIAL CONTROL • TO MAINTAIN SOCIAL ORDER • TO ESTABLISH A SOCIAL UNITY • TO REGULATE OR CONTROL INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR • TO CHECK CULTURAL MAL- ADJUSTMENT

  47. MEANS OF SOCIAL CONTROL • INFORMAL MEANS • FORMAL MEANS

  48. INFORMAL MEANS • BELIEF • SOCIAL SUGGESTION • IDEOLOGIES • FOLKWAYS • MORES

  49. FORMAL MEANS • LAW • EDUCATION • COERCION

  50. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH • INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY • COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY • THE STATE RESPONSIBILITY • INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

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