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This presentation was originally given at the Annual Meeting of the Bucks-Montgomery County Wool Pool in Plumsteadville,

This presentation was originally given at the Annual Meeting of the Bucks-Montgomery County Wool Pool in Plumsteadville, Pennsylvania, on March 30, 2007. FAMACHA ©. for the control of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants.

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This presentation was originally given at the Annual Meeting of the Bucks-Montgomery County Wool Pool in Plumsteadville,

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  1. This presentation was originally given at the Annual Meeting of the Bucks-Montgomery County Wool Pool in Plumsteadville, Pennsylvania, on March 30, 2007.

  2. FAMACHA© for the control of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants SUSAN SCHOENIANSheep and Goat SpecialistW. MD Research & Education CenterMaryland Cooperative Extensionwww.sheepandgoat.com

  3. Fact #1Gastro-intestinal parasites, A.K.A. Worms, are the primary health problem affecting sheep and goats in warm, moist climates.

  4. fAct #2THE BARBER POLE WORM IS THE PARASITE OF PRIMARY CONCERN. It Costs. It kills.

  5. Common names: barber pole, wire worm, large stomach worm. Blood-sucking roundworm that pierces the mucosa of the abomasum, causing blood and protein loss to the host. It needs warm (60°F), moist conditions to complete its life cycle. Pasture is the primary mode of transmission. It is estimated that 80% of the worm larvae is found in the first two inches of grazing vegetation. Young animals and highly stressed adults are most vulnerable to its effects. Haemonchus contortus

  6. It has a short life cycle. On average 2 to 3 weeks As short as 7 days It has a direct life cycle.No intermediate host is required. the barber pole worm Can Be difficult to control.

  7. It is a prolific egg producer. It has been estimated that 20% of the flock is responsible for 80% of the egg output. the barber pole worm CAN be difficult to control. • It is very adaptable. • It can go into a hypobiotic (arrested) state in the animal to survive poor environmental conditions. • It can survive on pasture for a long time. • 60 days pasture rest is needed to reduce pasture contamination to a low level. • Some larvae survive over winter. • It has become resistant to most anthelmintics.

  8. Dead Loss of body condition Ill thrift Not scours Anemia (pale mucous membranes) Edema – “bottle jaw”accumulation of fluid under jaw symptoms of Barber Pole worm infection

  9. What about The other parasites? • “Cousins” of the barber pole worm cause digestive problems, e.g. scouring • Ostertagia spp. • Trichostrongylus spp. • Nematodirus • TapewormsOnly worm that is visible in the feces. • LungwormsDifficult to detect in live animal • CoccidiaProtozoa, major disease issue in small ruminants • Meningeal wormparasite of white tail deer, causes neurological symptoms • The FAMACHA© system is not useful for any of these other parasites.

  10. fAct #3worms have become resistant* to most of the anthelmintics. Only 3 drug families! • Benzimidazoles • Levamisoles • Macrolytic Lactones • Anthelmintic treatment fails to reduce worm egg count by 90%. Severe resistance exists when anthelmintic reduces egg count by less than 60%

  11. Monthly deworming Deworm every month Deworm before breeding, before lambing, before shows, etc. Deworm because you haven’t done it lately. Deworm because you’re handling the sheep for another reason. Deworm to prevent problems. Deworm everybody, all the time. Deworming to get rid of all the worms. Deworm because you’re a good manager. Selective deworming Fact #4Regular deworming of every member of the flock is not A SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE.

  12. Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) Pasture rest/rotation Safe pastures Multi-species grazing Management of grazing height Alternative forages and treatments Nutritional supplementation Zero grazing Within and between breed selection Fecal egg analysis Proper anthelmintic use Selective deworming Fact #5Nowadays, worm control requires a more integrated approach.

  13. A novel system for monitoring barber pole worm infection in small ruminants. Developed in South Africa due to the widespread emergence of drug resistant worms. Originally developed for South African sheep, but has been validated for sheep and goats in the United States. Named for its originator Dr. Francois “FAffa” MAlan CHArt What is FAMACHA©?

  14. A color eye chart for evaluating clinical anemia in sheep and goats. Anemia is the primary symptom of barber pole worm infection. FAMACHA© enables the selective deworming of clinically parasitized animals, while leaving healthy animals untreated. What is FAMACHA©?

  15. The FAMACHA© Systemfor assessing anemia and barber pole worm infection in small ruminants sheep goats

  16. Reduces the number of animals that are dewormed (though some animals may need treated more often). Saves you money on drugs Reduces chemical/drug use Reduces selection for drug resistant worms, by increasing refugia: worms not exposed to drug(s). What FAMACHA© does • Prolongs effectiveness of anthelmintics.

  17. Identifies susceptible and resistant animals in the flock (parasite resistance is moderately heritable). What FAMACHA© does • Assists with selection and culling decisions. • Adds value to breeding stock Keep Cull Cull Sell Sell Sell Sell Keep Keep Cull Keep Sell Keep

  18. Always use the card. Don’t use a copy of the card. Replace the card every year (colors fade). Check often enough (e.g. every 2-3 weeks during the “worm” season). Have an easy way to handle your animals. Test for drug resistance. You must know if an anthelmintic is effective! For FAMACHA© to work…

  19. Eliminate the need for other parasite control practices. Save you time. You may deworm less frequently, but you’ll spend more time checking your animals. Help with other potential parasite problems Other GI worms Coccidia Etc. What FAMACHA© doesn’t Do FAMACHA© is not a magic bullet. It is another tool.

  20. 2005 84 Katahdin and Katahdin crossbred lambs from a sire comparison study (Suffolk, Texel, and Dorper sires). ~7 lambs/acre 2006 31-50 Kiko, Boer, and Boer x Kiko male kids from the Western Maryland Pasture-Based Meat Goat Performance Test. 3-5 goats/acre Using Famacha© to control parasites in lambs and goats grazing summer pasturesWestern Maryland Research & Education Center

  21. 1.2% 6 1.2% 5 4 4.8% 7.1% 3 2 16.7% 1 41.7% 0 26.2% 2005 Lamb Study July 11 % Lambs/No. times treated

  22. Aug 4 2006 Goat Study

  23. FAMACHA is distributed under the auspices of the South African Veterinary Association. U.S. distribution is made through the SCSRPC via the laboratory of Dr. Ray Kaplan (University of Georgia) FAMACHA cards are only to be sold directly to veterinarians. Producers are required to take an approved training in order to receive a card. How do I get a FAMACHA© Card? Southern Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (SCSRPC) http://www.scsrpc.org

  24. Questions, Comments, Disagreements? Thank you.

  25. Are you done yet? I wanna go home.

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