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Intense combat: direct escalation

Intense combat: direct escalation. WFSC 422 Ethology Presentation 5.1. Dr. Jane M. Packard, WFSC TAMU j-packard@tamu.edu. Ibex contests: cost/benefit?. Ibex.mpg. Moose contests: cost/benefit?. Moosfigh.mpg. COSTS Loss of access to resources Severe injury- or death. BENEFITS

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Intense combat: direct escalation

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  1. Intense combat: direct escalation WFSC 422 Ethology Presentation 5.1 Dr. Jane M. Packard, WFSC TAMU j-packard@tamu.edu

  2. Ibex contests: cost/benefit? Ibex.mpg

  3. Moose contests: cost/benefit? Moosfigh.mpg

  4. COSTS Loss of access to resources Severe injury- or death BENEFITS access to food & mates produce more offspring Function- intense combat

  5. Specialized weapons- antlers Moosantl.mpg

  6. Functions: moose antler • Tips- blind opponent • Flat “palm”- shove opponent • seasonal shedding- “tradeout” damaged weapons

  7. Non-specialized weapons: zebra teeth & hooves Zebraint.mpg

  8. FUNCTION: Non-specialized weapons • Zebra hooves • adaptation for running on plains • secondary function- kicking (effective against predators as well) • Zebra teeth • adaptation for eating grasses • secondary function- bite neck or rump

  9. CAUSE: Physiological mechanisms- fight/flight • glands (adrenal, pituitary, hypothalamus, gonads) • hormones (CRF, ACTH, CORT, + testosterone) • neurotransmitters- rapid fire response • fight- noradrenaline (“superman”) • freeze- adrenaline & noradrenaline • flee- adrenaline (escape)

  10. Intense internalresponse to escalated conflict SOURCE: Fig. 6.3 in Jensen, E. 1998. Teaching with the Brain in Mind. ASCD: Alexandria

  11. Probability of learning SOURCE: Fig. 6.4 in Jensen, E. 1998. Teaching with the Brain in Mind. ASCD: Alexandria

  12. SUMMARY • Conflict between “strangers” differs in function and mechanism from conflict within social groups (Unit 6) • Function may be analyzed in terms of costs (injury, death) and benefits (access to mates and/or food) • Cause (Unit 3): “brain/body” connection (hypo/pituitary/adrenal)

  13. Action Items • Do answers for Q5.1, Q5.2 • Search Google Scholar for “deer evolution” • Search Web of Science for “Wingfield JC 2005” • Post examples and sources on WebCT Discussion Unit 5

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