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Software

Software. Software. Systems Software Manage and control computer hardware Example: Operating System Application Software Designed to perform a specific task Example: Word processing, Web Browser, Accounting software. System Software: Operating System “The Maestro”.

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Software

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  1. Software

  2. Software • Systems Software • Manage and control computer hardware • Example: Operating System • Application Software • Designed to perform a specific task • Example: Word processing, Web Browser, Accounting software

  3. System Software: Operating System “The Maestro” • Provides user interface for computer system • Handles Input and Output • System Administration • Handles ‘multitasking’ • Running anti-virus scan while Web Browsing • Allocates Memory • Protection / Security • Shares resources (file, printers, etc.)

  4. Operating System – Yes! or No! • Operating system has final control over allocation of resources • Memory • What programs and data are in main memory (RAM), virtual memory, cache, etc. • Manages hard disks, printers and other devices • Sharing files and other networking issues • Coordinates users and processing tasks • Tracks connections to printers and the Internet

  5. PC Platforms • Operating Systems • Windows • XP • Vista • Windows 7 • Macintosh OS (based on Unix) • Tiger • Leopard • Snow Leopard • Unix • Developed at AT&T’s Bell Labs, powerful • Linux • Free, Open-Source

  6. User Interface • Determines how user interacts with computer. Today, mostly graphical. • WIMP • Windows • Icons • Menus • Pointers

  7. Questions for Upgrading? Use Caution… • Do I have the proper hardware? • Memory, processor speed, graphic, storage • If not, may have purchase upgrades for machine • Bugsin the new operating system? • Yes, most software is released with bugs -- so best wait until service packs (updates) are ready • Does it support my drivers? • Updates for newer hardware may not be immediately available • Does it support/run all of my applications? • How much does operating system cost?

  8. Application Software • Performs tasks that the user wishes to perform • Word processing, spreadsheets, media players, Web browsers • Program • Detailed sequence of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a task • Suites • Collection of applications bundled together • Example: Microsoft Office

  9. Wide Variety of Applications • Enterprise/Business • Financial, project management • Media Development • Graphic art, Web site development, digital animation, image editor • Engineering • CAD (computer aided design), CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) • Educational Software • Educate, testing and progress reports • Simulation • Research, training or entertainment • Home • Personal Finance, Tax prep, Home design

  10. Software Development • Software Licensing • Legal document governing distribution of software • Use one or more copies of software under certain circumstances • Proprietary Software (Commercial) • Owned by publisher but is licensed for use by the end user (Examples: MS Word, Adobe Photoshop) • End User License Agreement (EULA) • Open-Source software • Development of source code for software that is made available for public collaboration • Non-exclusive ownership to individual who obtains software legally (example: NVU)

  11. Software Marketing • Purchase at retail • Brick and mortar stores or online • Site Licensing • Purchase copies for an entire organization • Shareware • Free, but try out software under limited circumstances. At end of trial - delete or pay. “Try before you buy.” • Freeware • Usually, no obligation to pay for software (private use versus commercial use)

  12. Programming Languages • Used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine • C • C++ • Ada • Java • JavaScript • Perl • PHP

  13. How Fast Can Computers Run? • Depends on hardware and software • Software: • Traveling salesman example (3 clients) 3! = 3*2*1 • HABCH, HACBH, HBACH, HBCAH, HCABH, HCBAH • Computational complexity of the study of the complexity of algorithms. • Exponential and factorial complexity problems do not scale up. That is these algorithms cannot be used in a practical sense on a computer to solve problems if the size of the data is large. The time needed will take too long (example: years). • http://www.cs.uofs.edu/~cil102/cil102.html#

  14. Benchmarks • Tests used to compare the performance of computers with different hardware or software combinations. • Ex. For product reviews – which one is better? Base opinion on a benchmark test

  15. Miscellaneous  • In a computer system unit, the power supply converts AC to DC for use by the components • Computers that run single programs and are used in consumer and industrial devices are called Embedded Computer Systems • Examples: Automobiles, microwave ovens, electric toothbrushes, DVD players

  16. Binary Conversion • 8 bit Number ---------------------------------------- 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 ---------------------------------------- 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 64 + 2 + 1 = 67 decimal “C”

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