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Semi-Ring Porous and Diffuse Porous Species

FW1035 Lab Lecture 2. Semi-Ring Porous and Diffuse Porous Species. Semi-ring porous hardwoods Butternut Black walnut Diffuse porous hardwoods (some) Cottonwood/aspen Black cherry Birch. Butternut - Juglans cinerea (Juglandaceae).

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Semi-Ring Porous and Diffuse Porous Species

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  1. FW1035 Lab Lecture 2 Semi-Ring Porous and Diffuse Porous Species • Semi-ring porous hardwoods • Butternut • Black walnut • Diffuse porous hardwoods (some) • Cottonwood/aspen • Black cherry • Birch

  2. Butternut - Juglans cinerea (Juglandaceae) Lives to around 75 years. It’s nuts are highly sought after, moreso than its lumber.

  3. Butternut - Juglans cinerea (Juglandaceae) • ID features: • Low to moderate density (SG=0.38) • Light brown color - often streaky • Pores: solitary or short radial multiples • Longitudinal parenchyma: apotracheal banded or diffuse in aggregate • Rays: indistinct (1-4 seriate) • Miscellaneous: fluted growth rings

  4. Fluted Growth Rings in Butternut • Uses • high-grade exposed architectural wood work (church altars, boat interiors, elevators) • low grades used for boxes and crates

  5. Black Walnut - Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae) Nuts commonly picked for food. Wood highly prized for its straight grain. Because of heavy logging, this tree is now scarce in the US. Gunstocks are a specialty use of walnut wood.

  6. Black Walnut - Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae) • ID features: • Moderate-high density (SG=0.55) • Color: chocolate to purplish brown (heartwood) - very distinctive! • Pores: solitary or short radial multiples • Longitudinal parenchyma: apotracheal banded or diffuse in aggregate • Rays : indistinct (1-4 seriate) • Uses: • High grade furniture, high grade architectural woodwork, gun stocks (easy to carve, smooth finish)

  7. Diffuse Porous Hardwoods

  8. Black Cherry – Prunus serotina (Rosaceae) High quality, large trees are used for furniture and veneer. Common on the east coast. The fruit can be used to flavor drinks and other foods.

  9. Black Cherry – Prunus serotina (Rosaceae) • Moderate density (SG=0.50) • Distinct, rich reddish-brown color is very characteristic • Pores are indistinct – except for an initial row of larger earlywood pores • Rays are distinct on the cross section and on the radial planes due to relatively large number and the color contrast • Ray fleck is quite obvious (light on dark) • Ray ends in sapwood may look like hard maple • Gum ducts may be present as dark streaks on longitudinal surfaces or as tangential rows of dark spots on the cross-section

  10. Uses for black cherry wood • High grade furniture and cabinetry • Often one of the most expensive domestic wood species • Architectural woodwork • Pallets and packaging Gum Ducts

  11. Cottonwood/Aspen - Populus spp. (Salicaceae) Bigtooth Aspen range. Native ranges vary greatly by species.

  12. Cottonwood/Aspen - Populusspp. (Salicaceae) • Sometimes classified as semi-ring porous • Common Populus species: • Eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides • Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides • Balsam polpar Populus balsamifera • Bigtooth poplar Populus grandidentata • Woods of these species can’t be reliably separated by hand lens features • The willows have similar macroanatomy (but, heterocellular rays in Salix spp., homocellular in Populus spp.)

  13. Cottonwood/Aspen - Populus spp. (Salicaceae) • ID features: • Low to moderate density (SG=0.33-0.40) • Color: creamy yellow (aspens) to light gray-brown (cottonwoods) • Pores: small, largest barely visible to the naked eye • Rays: indistinct - barely visible with hand lens (uniseriate) • Miscellaneous: marginal parenchyma, but not as distinct as in yellow-poplar. Growth rings often distinguished by band of dense latewood

  14. Uses for Aspen/Cottonwood • Wafer-based composites • Inexpensive furniture • Pallets and crates • Pulp and paper

  15. Birch - Betula spp. (Betulaceae) Yellow Birch Paper Birch Inner bark smells and tastes like wintergreen. Range of yellow birch

  16. Birch - Betulaspp. (Betulaceae) All birch species have similar anatomy Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch) Betula papyrifera (paper birch) • ID features: • Moderate to high density (SG=0.55-0.62) • Color: light brown to dark reddish-brown • Pores: often appear as white dots, diameter is clearly larger than the largest rays • Rays: relatively narrow, indistinct with the naked eye (1-5 seriate) • Ray ends: indistinct • Often confused with maples! • “Pith flecks” common in paper birch Uses: high-grade plywood, flooring, furniture, door skins, pallets/packaging

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